Fig 1. Mitochondrial DNA damage identified by QPCR analysis of blood for cases with (n = 21, GWI+) and without (n = 7, GWI-) Gulf War Illness.

Dot density plot data represent the number of excess lesions found per 10 kb of DNA from mtDNA genomes in GWI+ cases as compared to controls (GWI-). Greater lesions (0.17 lesions/10 kb) were observed among cases with GWI+ relative to controls (p = 0.015, d = 1.13).