Table 1. Anthropometric measurement for individuals with diabetes Khartoum (N=310).
| Factor/covariate | DFU (%) | No DFU (%) | Total (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.608 | |||
| Men | 35 (62.5) | 147 (57.7) | 182 (58.7) | |
| Women | 21 (37.5) | 107 (42.3) | 128 (41.3) | |
| Age, mean ± SD, (years) | 57.7 | 59 | 58.7 | 0.401 |
| BMI, mean ± SD | 25.7 | 26.3 | 26.2 | 0.303 |
| Family history | 0.608 | |||
| Negative | 18 (32.1) | 87 (34.4) | 105 (34.0) | |
| Positive | 38 (67.9) | 167 (65.6) | 205 (66.0) | |
| Duration of diabetes | 0.0018 | |||
| Up to 5 years | 0 (0) | 34 (13.5) | 34 (11.0) | |
| 6 to 10 years | 5 (8.9) | 47 (18.5) | 52 (16.8) | |
| 11 to 20 years | 23 (41.1) | 94 (36.9) | 117 (37.7) | |
| More than 20 years | 28 (50.0) | 79 (31.2) | 107 (34.5) | |
| Hypertension | 0.672 | |||
| Negative | 31 (55.4) | 130 (51.2) | 161 (51.9) | |
| Positive | 25 (44.6) | 124 (48.8) | 149 (48.1) | |
| Cholesterol (mean) | 171.5 | 157.6 | 162.9 | 0.359 |
| HbA1c (mean) | 9.84 | 10.15 | 10.09 | 0.396 |
| Triglycerides (mean) | 149.9 | 142.5 | 143.9 | 0.627 |
| HDL (mean) | 38.21 | 37.06 | 37.26 | 0.599 |
| LDL (mean) | 122.35 | 113.69 | 115.2 | 0.998 |
| Retinopathy | 0.342 | |||
| Both eyes | 41 (73.2) | 162 (63.9) | 203 (65.6) | |
| Left eye | 6 (10.7) | 28 (11.0) | 34 (10.9) | |
| Right eye | 1 (1.8) | 20 (7.8) | 21 (6.8) | |
| Negative | 8 (14.3) | 44 (17.3) | 52 (16.7) | |
| Albuminuria | 0.480 | |||
| Negative | 35 (62.5) | 174 (68.5) | 209 (67.4) | |
| Positive | 21 (37.5) | 80 (31.5) | 101 (32.6) | |
| Neuropathy | 0.140 | |||
| Negative | 10 (17.9) | 73 (28.6) | 83 (26.8) | |
| Positive | 46 (82.1) | 181 (71.4) | 229 (73.2) |
No significant association was found between DFU group and other metabolic factors like hypertension, albuminuria, retinopathy, neuropathy, HbA1c, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglyceride when using ANOVA testing. Only duration of diabetes was statistically significant.