Table 4.

The length of hospital stay and associated medical expenses in 6,283 patients with/without CKD in Guangzhou, China.

	Non-CKD	CKD	Difference in (%)	**P-value	***Difference adjusted by age and sex
Median days of hospital stay[IQR]	10 [7–14]	11 [8–15]		<0.001
Total medical expenses (Median, RMB)	11966.45	14363.65	20.0	<0.001	1501.7
Provided medicines (antibiotics excluded)	4024.61	5275.92	31.1	<0.001	401.1
Antibiotics	697.1	1095.41	57.1	<0.001	74.8
Ward-related	1522.29	2027.87	33.2	<0.001	320.6
Investigation-related	2552.24	2888.19	13.2	<0.001	444.1
Non-surgical therapies	1953.27	2750.04	40.8	<0.001	396.0
****Surgical therapies, n, (IQR, RMB)	0 (0–253.37)	0 (0–224.04)		0.1

Data from electronic medical record database in Guangdong provincial hospital of Chinese medicine.

Ward-related costs consider all other cost incurred while in the ward.

Investigation-related costs consider pathology, laboratory, imaging and consumable items.

The cost of non-surgical therapies includes physiotherapy, acupuncture, injection, etc.

Cost of surgical therapies include those of anesthesia and related materials.

Difference = [(Cost in CKD–Cost in Non-CKD)/Cost in Non-CKD] × 100%.

All the medical costs were adjusted for inflation rate based on cost in 2012; Inflation rate equals to 2.62% for 2013, 1.92% for 2014 and 1.44% for 2015 from http://www.inflation.eu/inflation-rates/china/historic-inflation/cpi-inflation-china.aspx

**Wilcoxon rank test.

***General linear model adjusted for age and sex.

****Not every patient had a surgery.

Abbreviations: IQR: interquartile range.