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. 2017 Sep 14;7:11593. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11773-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression of AGE-albumin in M1/M2 macrophage cells and animal model. (A) Triple-labeled confocal microscopic images shows relative levels of AGEs (green), albumin (red), and DAPI (blue) in M1 or M2 cells with basal media (BM) or conditioned media (CM) treatment. Scale bar = 20 μm (B) The amounts of intracellular (cell lysate) and extracellular (supernatant) AGE-albumin of macrophage cells were determined by ELISA. (C) Triple-labeled confocal microscopic images of AGEs (green) and albumin (red) with activated macrophage markers (blue) were taken. Arrows indicate AGE-albumin positive labeling of macrophages and AGE-albumin is shown in arrowhead. (D,E) The AGE-albumin positive labeling of macrophages (white) was determined by Zen 2009 software (Zeiss) and the AGE-albumin level of PIRI-CLI damaged skeletal muscle was also detected until 4 weeks. Scale bar = 50 μm. mean ± s.d. (*P < 0.05) and (^†P < 0.01) vs. Con.