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. 2017 Sep 14;7:11640. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09914-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cryptochrome reaction schemes for magnetoreception. (a) The photocycle that accounts for the magnetic field effect on AtCry1²³. (b) The same reaction scheme augmented by a spin-selective reaction of the flavin radical with a scavenger, C. Abbreviations used for different states of the protein are: RP, radical pair state; G, ground state; S, signalling state; X, scavenging product state. Abbreviations used for reaction partners: F, flavin adenine dinucleotide; WH, terminal residue of the Trp triad/tetrad. Superscript dots indicate radicals. Superscript numbers are spin multiplicities. FH^• and W^• are (de)protonated forms of the initially formed radicals, F^•− and WH^•+. The dashed arrows indicate processes that regenerate G, typically on a slow timescale, but which are not essential for the function of the sensor. The photo-excited singlet state of the FAD is not shown.