Figure 9.

Chromofungin (CHR) indirectly induces migration, proliferation, viability, and oxidative stress survivability of colonic cell line through alternatively activated macrophages (AAM)-conditioned medium. Macrophages were treated with CHR (200 ng/2 h) then stimulated by interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 (20 ng/mL) to promote AAM for 6 h and supernatants were collected. Caco-2 cells were cultured in 2 mL of supernatants of 1% phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or CHR (100 nmol/mL) or sCHR (100 nmol/mL) treated AAM conditioned medium. (A,B) Epithelial cell migration assessed by the wound healing assay, (C) intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, (D) epithelial cell viability assessed by the 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and (E) epithelial cells oxidative stress assay show survival data from cultures treated with normal medium (control) or 200 mmol/L H₂O₂. Two-way or one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data followed by multiple comparison tests. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 6). ^# refers to significance compared to control groups. Each experiment was repeated at least three times.