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. 2017 Jul 18;13(8):996–1007. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.19986

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Osthole promotes bone fracture healing through activation of BMP signaling in Chondrocytes. (A, B) Type II collagen protein and pSmad1/5/8 levels were significantly increased in Osthole treatment group (day 7). Black arrows: type II collagen-positive cells, and red arrows: pSmad1/5/8-positive cells. (C) A mouse chondrogenic cell line, ATDC5, was used to confirm the in vivo data. Osthole up-regulates chondrogenesis related genes, such as Sox9, Col2a1 and Col10a1, especially at the concentration of 100 μM. Data are presented as means ± SD. ^#P < 0.05, 10 μM compared with 0 μM; ^❖P < 0.05, 50 μM compared with 0 μM; and *P < 0.05, 100 μM compared with 0 μM.