. 2016 Jun 19;20(5):e12432. doi: 10.1111/desc.12432

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics and sample sizes for raw and (standardized) transformed data

Variable	Age		Mean	SD	Skew	Kurtosis	N (MZ)	N (DZ)
CHAOS	9	Raw	4.46	2.32	0.4	−0.14
	9	Transformed			−0.18	−0.15	2228	3746
	12	Raw	3.99	2.04	0.48	0.25
	12	Transformed			−0.03	−0.07	3908	6878
	14	Raw	3.75	1.95	0.52	0.22
	14	Transformed			0.03	−0.13	2352	3756
	16	Raw	4.08	2.03	0.52	0.32
	16	Transformed			0.02	−0.06	1864	2920
Parental discipline	9	Raw	3.19	1.57	0.37	−0.21
	9	Transformed			−0.13	−0.23	2180	3622
	12	Raw	3.12	1.49	0.41	0.05
	12	Transformed			−0.14	0	3952	6930
	14	Raw	3.04	1.43	0.31	0.11
	14	Transformed			−0.26	0.15	2298	3678
	16	Raw	3.08	1.36	0.39	0.48
	16	Transformed			−0.22	0.4	1164	1718
Parental feelings	9	Raw	4.34	2.24	0.41	0.1
	9	Transformed			−0.22	0.04	2080	3598
	12	Raw	3.72	2.43	0.66	0.25
	12	Transformed			0.15	−0.3	3896	6822
	14	Raw	3.66	2.66	0.84	0.52
	14	Transformed			0.29	−0.37	2344	3742

N = number of individuals (not twin pairs).