Table 2.
Variables | Admitted (95%CI)a | P-value | Discharged/Transferred (95%CI)a | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||||
<3 | −44.69 (−48.86–(−40.19)) | <0.001 | −65.35 (−66.76–(−63.87)) | <0.001 |
3–17 | −22.51 (−26.42–(−18.39)) | <0.001 | −44.22 (−45.66–(−42.73)) | <0.001 |
18–44 | Referent | Referent | ||
45–59 | −4.89 (−6.14–(−3.62)) | <0.001 | 9.29 (8.24–10.35) | <0.001 |
≥60 | −13.35 (−15.34–(−11.30)) | <0.001 | 14.64 (12.33–16.99) | <0.001 |
| ||||
Sex (Male) | 3.13 (2.36–3.91) | <0.001 | 7.34 (6.49–8.20) | <0.001 |
| ||||
Insurance status | ||||
Private | Referent | Referent | ||
Medicare | −10.85 (−13.20–(−8.43)) | <0.001 | 0.42 (−1.30–2.17) | 0.632 |
Medicaid | −5.32 (−8.29–(−2.25)) | 0.001 | −7.03 (−8.79–(−5.23)) | <0.001 |
Self Pay | −5.22 (−8.64–(−1.67)) | 0.004 | 5.22 (2.71–7.79) | <0.001 |
No Charge/Other | 0.70 (−3.64–5.23) | 0.757 | −6.19 (−9.00–(−3.30)) | <0.001 |
| ||||
Income | ||||
0–25th Percentile | Referent | Referent | ||
25–50th | −1.36 (−5.51–2.98) | 0.533 | −2.72 (−6.19–0.89) | 0.138 |
51–75th | 1.57 (−4.39–7.90) | 0.614 | −4.65 (−8.50–(−0.63)) | 0.024 |
76–100th | −0.70 (−15.74–17.03) | 0.933 | −11.87 (−19.62–(−3.38)) | 0.007 |
[Other (Zip blank or miss] | −13.05 (−19.58–(−6.00)) | <0.001 | 2.21 (−2.83–7.51) | 0.396 |
| ||||
Region | ||||
Northeast | Referent | Referent | ||
Midwest | −2.51 (−13.34–9.68) | 0.673 | 5.69 (−2.09–14.09) | 0.156 |
South | 8.09 (−12.30–33.24) | 0.466 | 9.44 (−5.38–26.58) | 0.224 |
West | 72.28 (51.26–96.21) | <0.001 | 9.90 (0.89–19.71) | 0.031 |
| ||||
Injury Severity Score | ||||
ISS ≤ 8 | Referent | Referent | ||
ISS 9–15 | 35.25 (28.98–41.82) | <0.001 | 87.98 (84.44–91.58) | <0.001 |
ISS ≥ 16 | 71.63 (60.74–83.26) | <0.001 | 105.62 (99.97–111.43) | <0.001 |
| ||||
Elixhauser Score | 2.05 (1.88–2.22) | <0.001 | 1.94 (1.71–2.17) | <0.001 |
| ||||
Length of Stay (continuous days) | 5.75 (5.39–6.11) | <0.001 | — | — |
| ||||
Year (continuous) | 3.85 (1.97–5.76) | <0.001 | 8.23 (6.99–9.48) | <0.001 |
| ||||
Trauma Center | 46.17 (33.20–60.40) | <0.001 | 21.14 (11.45–31.66) | <0.001 |
| ||||
Teaching Hospital | −3.70 (−16.57–11.16) | 0.61 | 6.10 (−3.55–16.72) | 0.22 |
| ||||
Pediatric Hospital | −35.71 (−52.71–(−12.59)) | <0.001 | −32.38 (−42.14–(−20.96)) | <0.001 |
| ||||
Metropolitan Area | 71.42 (57.06–87.09) | <0.001 | 23.99 (16.08–32.43) | <0.001 |
| ||||
Hospital ownership | ||||
Private, non-profit | Referent | Referent | ||
Private, investor-owned | 51.47 (35.20–69.69) | <0.001 | 69.25 (50.85–89.89) | <0.001 |
Private, not specified | 21.23 (3.21–42.40) | 0.019 | 21.93 (7.68–38.06) | 0.002 |
Government, nonfederal | −2.61 (−14.26–10.61) | 0.683 | 3.92 (−6.15–15.06) | 0.460 |
Government or private | 11.53 (−4.28–29.95) | 0.162 | 3.74 (−9.87–19.39) | 0.609 |
Log transformed outcome. Associations are presented as percent change compared to reference group. Raw n for “Admitted” model=322,812, weighted n=1,534,983. Raw n for “Discharged/Transferred” model=2,066,630, weighted n=9,353,464. Abbreviations: TBI= traumatic brain injury.