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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Exp Dermatol. 2017 Jan 4;42(3):251–260. doi: 10.1111/ced.13024

Figure 2.

Figure 2

(a–e) Morphology of human epidermal keratinocyte progenitor either (a) untreated or (b) treated with (b–e) interleukin (IL)-17A/IL-22/tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α for 48 h. (b) Note the appearance of a subpopulation of cells with ‘fried egg’ morphology (arrows) in cytokine-treated cells, reminiscent of the proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). (c–e) These gross pathomorphological changes were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced with (c) 10 μg/mL bakusylan (approximately thee-fold) (d) 1.75 μg/mL tazarotene (by 40%) and (e) 0.1 μg/mL adapalene (~approximately thee-fold), as determined by 10 direct microscopic counts of senescent cells (arrows). The highest noncytotoxic doses of the test materials were chosen based upon previous cytotoxicity (MTT) experiments. Test materials were added 24 h after the cytokines, then the cells were incubated with the cytokines and test materials for an additional 24 h. Original magnification: × 40; scale bar, 50 μm.