Table 4.

GEO database microarray experiments leading to increased or decreased expression of bakusylan-downregulated genes.

GEO accession (experiment ID)	Gene signature from the GEO database for the given set of experiments	Correlation with genes downregulated by bakusylan
GSE2737, GSE6710, GSE11903, GSE13355, GSE26866, GSE30999, GSE14905, GSE26866, GSE26866	Genes upregulated in psoriatic vs normal tissue	Negative*
GSE7553, GSE4587, GSE4587	Genes upregulated in cancerous vs normal tissue	Negative*
GSE32620, GSE32620, GSE24767, GSE20297, GSE7216, GSE36287, GSE1132, GSE7216, GSE12109, GSE36287, GSE2489, GSE32975, GSE36387, GSE20297, GSE9120, GSE25400, GSE7216, GSE20297, GSE24767, GSE28158, GSE37361, GSE37361, GSE24767, GSE32407, GSE32407, GSE24873	Genes upregulated in IL1-, IL17-, IL22-, TNF- and/or IFN-treated tissues compared with untreated tissues	Negative†
GSE16161, GSE32924, GSE5667, GSE5667	Genes upregulated in atopic skin vs normal skin	Negative
GSE26487, GSE26523, GSE2822, GSE11903, GSE31652	Genes upregulated by antipsoriatic drugs (LY2439821, etanercept, efalizumab, dexamethasone) vs untreated psoriatic tissue	Positive‡
GSE22298, GSE11792, GSE10433	Genes upregulated in tissues treated vs retinoids	Positive
GSE30768	Genes upregulated in efalizumab-treated psoriatic skin after relapse vs no relapse	Negative

IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin, TNF, tumour necrosis factor; GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus.

^*Genes upregulated in psoriatic skin in the cited GEO experiments that were downregulated by bakusylan;

^†genes upregulated by tissue treatment with IL1-, IL17-, IL22-, TNF- and/or IFN in the cited GEO experiments that were downregulated by bakusylan;

^‡genes downregulated in the skin of psoriatic patients treated with antipsoriatic drugs in the cited GEO experiments, which were also downregulated by bakusylan. We screened ordered gene lists derived from GEO to identify experiments with gene signatures that correlated with our own microarray data. Experiments with increased expression of bakusylan-downregulated genes (negative association) and decreased expression of bakusylan-downregulated genes (positive association) were identified. The GEO series accession IDs listed denote experiments showing significant association (P < 0.01; false discovery rate < 0.05). To obtain the enrichment statistic value we used equation (8) from Philippakis et al.¹⁵