Table 1.

Number of participants across study sites. The specific backgrounds of the key informants are not provided to protect their anonymity. RN = Registered Nurse, RT = Respiratory Technician; CRNA = Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist; CNS = Clinical Nurse Specialist; MSA = Medical Support Assistant.

	Observation (with opportunistic interviewing)	Key Informant Interviews
VA Medical Center 1	18	3
(Observer 1)	2 RNs, 1 RT (CIS) 4 RNs, 1 CRNA, 1 Anesthesiologist (ARK)
(Observer 2)	4 RNs, 2 RTs, 1 Dietician (CIS) 1 RN, 1 CRNA (ARK)
VA Medical Center 2	23	7
(Observer 1)	6 RNs, 1 CNS, 1 RT (CIS) 3 CRNAs, 1 MSA, 1 Anesthesiologist (ARK)
(Observer 2)	9 RNs (CIS) 1 RN (ARK)
VA Medical Center 3	28	9
(Observer 1)	1 RN, 1 RT, 1 Physician (CIS) 3 CRNAs, 1 RN, 1 Anesthesiologist (ARK)
(Observer 2)	14 RNs, 2 RTs, 1 Physician (CIS)
-	2 RNs, 1 Physician Assistant (ARK)