Table 1.

Patient and hospitalization features in the randomly selected sample (n = 5,000; 20.1%) compared with all others intensive care unit (ICU) patients from 2012. Comparisons are based on analysis of variance or chi-squared tests.

Characteristic	Random cohort (n = 5,000)	Validation cohort (n = 19,884)	p-value
Patient
Age, years	65.4 ± 16.6	65.2 ± 16.5	0.45
Male gender	55.3%	54.3%	0.18
Comorbidity (COPS2)a	49 ± 48	49 ± 48	0.78
Hospitalization
Admitted through EDb	74.5%	74.9%	0.51
Most common diagnosis	Sepsis (20.0%)	Sepsis (20.1%)	–
Need for surgery or procedure	24.8%	24.0%	0.28
Severity of illness (LAPS2)c	81.2 ± 51.5	82.4 ± 51.3	0.13
Code status
Do not resuscitate	6.8%	7.4%	0.11
Partial code	1.9%	1.9%	0.88
Predicted hospital mortality	6.7 ± 11.6%	6.8 ± 11.2%	0.91
Intensive care unit
Severity of illness (eSAPS3)d	9.6 ± 11.3%	9.2 ± 11.3%	0.07
Length of ICU stay, days	2.7 ± 5.0	2.8 ± 5.6	0.55
Duration of ventilation, days	0.9 ± 5.9	1.0 ± 4.4	0.77
Days receiving benzodiazepines	0.2 ± 1.0	0.2 ± 0.9	0.95
Days receiving other sedatives	0.5 ± 1.7	0.5 ± 1.6	0.20
Days receiving opiates	0.3 ± 1.6	0.3 ± 1.5	0.74
Days receiving inotropes	0.2 ± 0.9	0.2 ± 1.0	0.86
Days receiving vasopressors	0.6 ± 2.1	0.6 ± 1.7	0.97
Any continuous vasopressor	20.4%	20.6%	0.71
Discharge
Total length of stay, days	7.9 ± 11.7	8.3 ± 12.2	0.06
Hospital mortality	11.2%	10.2%	0.04
Mortality at 30 days after hospital admission	13.0%	12.3%	0.19
Discharge location
Home	72.1%	71.2%	0.19
Subacute nursing facility	15.6%	15.6%	0.99
Hospice	2.1%	2.0%	0.72
Readmission within 30 days	19.6%	18.7%	0.18

^aComorbidity Point Score, version 2

^bEmergency Department

^cLaboratory and Acute Physiology Score, version 2

^dSimplified Acute Physiology Score, version 2