Table 3.
Selected patient and hospitalization characteristics based on putative cluster membership for the 19,884 validation intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Comparisons are based on analysis of variance or chi-squared tests. All between-cluster comparisons were significant to p < 0.001. Results that are distinct for a particular cluster are bolded for emphasis.
| Cluster 1 (n = 9,771; 49.1%) | Cluster 2 (n = 2,108; 10.6%) | Cluster 3 (n = 4,298; 21.6%) | Cluster 4 (n = 2,910; 14.6%) | Cluster 5 (n = 418; 2.1%) | Cluster 6 (n = 379; 1.9%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| PATIENT SUBGROUP | Relatively healthy, short-stay ICU patients | Older patients suffering catastrophic illness | Post-surgical and post-procedural patients | Older patients discharged with long-term care needs | Prior healthy patients with prolonged stay and good recovery | Patients with severe illness and desire for limits of life-sustaining therapy |
| CHARACTERISTIC | ||||||
| Patient | ||||||
| Age, years | 61.6 ± 17.4 | 72.3 ± 14.1 | 63.2 ± 14.7 | 73.9 ± 12.5 | 59.4 ± 15.9 | 77.0 ± 11.6 |
| Male | 53.9% | 51.3% | 62.1% | 47.6% | 61.2% | 46.7% |
| Comorbidity (COPS2) a | 46 ± 47 | 69 ± 56 | 34 ± 33 | 65 ± 56 | 45 ± 50 | 76 ± 54 |
| Hospitalization | ||||||
| ED b admission | 95.8% | 87.6% | 13.8% | 79.1% | 80.6% | 98.7% |
| Most common diagnosis | Sepsis (20.6%) | Sepsis (37.3%) | Acute MI c (7.9%) | Sepsis (29.1%) | Sepsis (36.1%) | Sepsis (43.1%) |
| Need for procedure | 6.7% | 8.5% | 79.2% | 19.7% | 20.6% | 2.9% |
| Code status | ||||||
| Do not resuscitate | 6.5% | 17.7% | 0.3% | 14.6% | 0.5% | 0.0% |
| Partial code | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 100.0% |
| Predicted hospital mortality | 5.4 ± 8.4% | 18.1 ± 19.4% | 1.3 ± 2.2% | 9.6 ± 12.0% | 9.5 ± 12.7% | 21.9 ± 19.5% |
| Intensive care unit | ||||||
| ICU length of stay, days | 1.9 ± 2.1 | 3.5 ± 4.1 | 2.0 ± 2.1 | 3.3 ± 3.8 | 22.0 ± 21.1 | 2.8 ± 4.1 |
| Severity of illness d | 7.9 ± 8.5% | 21.6 ± 16.8% | 2.8 ± 4.1% | 12.5 ± 11.8% | 14.3 ± 13.4% | 16.1 ± 12.7% |
| Discharge | ||||||
| Total length of stay, days | 6.0 ± 6.8 | 7.3 ± 7.7 | 6.7 ± 7.1 | 11.9 ± 11.5 | 44.3 ± 48.4 | 7.5 ± 10.3 |
| Hospital mortality | 0.1% | 89.0% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 18.9% | 22.2% |
| Discharge location | ||||||
| Home | 98.8% | 1.0% | 99.3% | 0.0% | 51.9% | 47.5% |
| Subacute nursing facility | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 98.4% | 27.0% | 23.8% |
| Hospice | 1.1% | 9.7% | 0.4% | 1.6% | 2.2% | 6.6% |
| Validation Metrics | ||||||
| Patients requiring any vasopressor | 12.1% | 43.9% | 20.3% | 24.2% | 61.0% | 29.3% |
| Patients requiring mechanical ventilation | 14.8% | 51.2% | 4.9% | 24.5% | 79.4% | 24.8% |
a
Comorbidity Point Score, version 2
b
Emergency Department
c
Myocardial infarction
d
Simplified Acute Physiology Score, version 2