Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacotherapy. 2017 Jul 31;37(9):1023–1032. doi: 10.1002/phar.1974

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Overview of the interactions between systems biology and pharmacology sciences. (A) Systems biology consists of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Although the transition of these sciences is often viewed as linear, it is likely that there are bidirectional interactions among them. For example, metabolites serve as signaling molecules for gene and protein regulation. (B) Systems pharmacology includes pharmacogenomics, pharmacometabolomics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. These sciences interact in such a way that they can inform each other so that more detail about mechanisms of drug action and drug response phenotypes can be learned.