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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2017 Mar 29;1863(10 Pt A):2414–2435. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.020

Table 4.

Examples of melanocortin ligands affecting males and females differently.

Ligand Effect Species Strain Ref
α-MSH Improved learning tasks in males, but not females. Rats Holtzman albino [175, 176]
MTII Reduced juvenile play behaviors in males, but not females after neonatal administration Voles Prairie Voles [177]
Ac-Nle-Asp-Trp-DPhe-Nle-Trp-Lys-NH2 Effected κ-opioid analgesia in females, but not in males Mice Crl:CD-1 [178]
C[Gly-Cpg-DNal(2′)-Arg-Trp-Glu]-Val-Val-Gly-NH2 Effected κ-opioid analgesia in females, but not in males Mice Crl:CD-1 [178]
C[(CH2)3CO-Gly-His-DPhe-Arg-DTrp-Cys(S-)]-Asp-Arg-Phe-Gly-NH2 Reversed morphine hyperalgesia in female mice, but had no effect in males Mice C57BL/6J; CD-1 [179, 180]
AGRP Reduced energy expenditure (measured by vO2) in female rats more than in male rats. Rats Long-Evans [181]
Ac-Trp-DPhe(p-I)-Arg-Trp-NH2 Different doses necessary to affect energy homeostasis in males and females Mice Mixed C57BL/6J and 129/Sv background [182]
SHU9119 Increased blood pressure in males, but not in females Rats Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SRH) [183]