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Diagram of Nrf2 signaling. In the absence of oxidative stress (ROS), Nrf2 is degraded through the proteasome by a Keap1/Cul3 mechanism. With oxidative stress, the ROS induce a conformational change in cytoplasmic Keap1, which releases Nrf2 for transit to the nucleus where it interacts with Maf proteins and binds to antioxidant response elements (ARE), inducing a comprehensive antioxidant response.
