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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Retin Eye Res. 2017 Mar 20;60:201–218. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.03.002

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Nrf2 immunolabeling in a 60-year-old Caucasian female with early AMD. A) Macular RPE with normal, cuboidal morphology have prominent cytoplasmic Nrf2 labeling (blue). B) IgG control. C) Normal macular RPE with both cytoplasmic and nuclear Nrf2 labeling (arrowheads). D) Dysmorphic macular RPE overlying drusen have lighter cytoplasmic labeling than cuboidal RPE from the same section. Nuclei (arrowheads) do not stain for Nrf2. E) Peripheral RPE with minimal Nrf2 labeling in the cytoplasm and no nuclear labeling (arrowheads). F–H) Same images as C–E, respectively, after Nuance software has converted melanin to maroon to improve visualization of Nrf2 labeling in the RPE. The arrow points to the inset of an enlarged image showing nuclear Nrf2 staining in a normal macular RPE cell (F), lack of nuclear Nrf2 staining in a dysmorphic macular RPE cell overlying a druse (*) (G), and lack of Nrf2 staining in a peripheral RPE cell (H). CH, choroid, RPE, retinal pigment epithelium, Black arrows point to Bruch’s membrane. Bar=25μm. Reprinted with permission from Free Radical Biology Medicine.