Table 1.
Study Sample Characteristics (N=31,951)
| Age (mean ± SD) | 81.1 ± 4.1 |
| Male, N (%) | 31,332 (98.1%) |
| Race, N (%) | |
| White | 29,255 (91.6%) |
| Black | 2166 (6.8%) |
| Other | 530 (1.5%) |
| Body mass index (mean ± SD) | 28.1 ± 5.1 |
| Comorbid diseases, N (%) | |
| Hypertension | 26,362 (82.5%) |
| Diabetes | 10,806 (33.8%) |
| Prior Stroke | 3512 (11.0%) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 20,213 (63.3%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 13,604 (42.6%) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3538 (11.1%) |
| Myocardial infarction | 1329 (4.2%) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 8149 (25.5%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 5245 (16.4%) |
| Heart failure | 9803 (30.7%) |
| Anemia | 6514 (20.4%) |
| Problem drug/alcohol use | 528 (1.7%) |
| Abnormal renal or liver function a | 1862 (5.8%) |
| Geriatric impairments, N (%) | |
| Dementia | 1498 (4.7%) |
| Depression | 5384 (16.9%) |
| Arthritis | 8878 (27.8%) |
| Prior fall | 1614 (5.1%) |
| Dizziness | 1037 (3.3%) |
| Visual impairment | 10,586 (33.1%) |
| Medications, N (%) | |
| Anxiolytic use | 4021 (12.6%) |
| Antipsychotic use | 919 (2.9%) |
| Anticonvulsant use | 2469 (7.7%) |
| Antihypertensive use | 29,713 (93.0%) |
| Polypharmacy (≥4 medications) | 27,784 (87.0%) |
| INR control | |
| Good (>75% TTR) b | 4864 (15.2%) |
| Moderate (60–75% TTR) | 9141 (28.6%) |
| Labile (<60% TTR) | 17,862 (55.9%) |
| Missing | 84 (0.3%) |
a
Chronic dialysis, renal transplant, cirrhosis, creatinine ≥2.3 mg/dL, total bilirubin ≥2x upper limit of normal (ULN), or AST/ALT ≥3x ULN
b
TTR = time in therapeutic range