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. 2017 Sep 12;8:1110. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01110

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Copyright © 2017 Huang, Liu, Tang, Du, Feng, Hu, Zhu, Li and Suo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Incremental CD28 expression in transgenic pigs increases phosphorylation of the downstream kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 during T cell activation. (A) The mean fluorescence intensity of the CD28 gene was measured by flow cytometry (WT, wild-type pigs; Tg-1–5, five transgenic pigs). (B) Real-time PCR analysis of the CD28 mRNA levels in transgenic (CD28 Tg) and WT pigs. (C) Western blot analysis of the phosphorylation of downstream kinase ERK1/2 in transgenic (CD28 Tg) and WT pigs. Data are representative of three independent Western blotting experiments with five animals per group (transgenic and wild-type groups). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.