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. 2017 Sep 12;8:1588. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01588

Table 1.

Variable means, standard deviations, correlations, reliabilities, data sources, and collection schedulea.

Variables Mean SD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1. Gender 0.66 0.48
2. Age 25.44 5.19 -0.10
3. Education 3.63 0.86 -0.14* 0.13*
4. Tenure with leader 1.27 1.06 -0.04 0.18** 0.01
5. Intrinsic motivation (T1) 3.78 0.60 -0.06 0.12* 0.24*** 0.09 (0.78)
6. Abusive supervision (T1) 1.49 0.79 0.09 -0.11 -0.16** -0.04 -0.03 (0.97)
7. Mindfulness (T2) 4.80 0.62 -0.08 0.24*** 0.11 0.02 0.07 -0.14* (0.89)
8. Self-efficacy at work (T2) 5.55 0.92 -0.04 0.18** 0.24*** 0.07 0.24*** -0.17** 0.35*** (0.93)
9. Creative performance (T2) 5.18 0.94 0.13* -0.04 0.18** -0.01 0.01 -0.14* 0.09 0.17** (0.78)

an = 287 at the individual level, n = 79 at the team level. Data for variables 1–4 were obtained from the human resources department; data for variables 5 and 6 were reported by employees at time 1; data for variables 7 and 8 were reported by employees at time 2; data for variable 9 were rated by the leader at time 2. For gender, female = 0, male = 1. For education, primary school degree = 1, secondary school degree = 2, vocational school degree = 3, junior college degree = 4, undergraduate degree = 5, graduate degree = 6. Cronbach’s alpha values for the variables are shown in italics along the diagonal in the brackets. p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.