Table 3.
List of genes in the chloroplast genome of eight Gynostemma BL. species.
| Group of genes | Name of genes |
|---|---|
| Photosystem I (5) | psaA psaB psaC psaI psaJ |
| Photosystem II (15) | psbA psbB psbC psbD psbE psbF psbH psbI psbJ psbK psbL psbM psbN psbT psbZ |
| Cytochrome b/f complex (6) | petAapetBapetD petG petL petN |
| ATP synthase (6) | atpA atpB atpEaatpF atpH atpI |
| NADH dehydrogenase (12) | andhAandhB (×2) ndhC ndhD ndhE ndhF ndhG ndhH ndhI ndhJ ndhK |
| Rubisco large subunit (1) | rbcL |
| Ribosomal protein (small subunit) (14) | rps2 rps3 rps4 rps7 (×2) rps8 rps11brps12 (×2) rps14 rps15arps16 rps18 rps19 |
| Ribosomal protein (large subunit) (11) | brpl2 (×2) rpl14arpl16 rpl20 rpl22 rpl23 (×2) rpl32 rpl33 rpl36 |
| RNA polymerase (4) | rpoA rpoBarpoC1 rpoC2 |
| membrane protein (1) | cemA |
| Acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene (1) | accD |
| ATP-dependent protease subunit (1) | bclpP |
| Assembly/stability of photosystem I (2) | bycf3 ycf4 |
| Maturase (1) | matK |
| Conserved reading frames (ycfs) (4) | ycf1 (×2) ycf2 (×2) |
| c-type Cytochrome biogenesis (1) | ccsA |
| Translation-related gene (1) | PinfA |
| Transfer RNAs (37) | atrnA-UGC (×2) trnC-GCA trnD-GUC trnE-UUC trnF-GAA trnfM-CAUatrnG-UCC trnG-GCC trnH-GUG trnI-CAU (×2)atrnI-GAU (×2)atrnK-UUU trnL-CAA (×2) trnL-UAGatrnL-UAA trnM-CAU trnN-GUU (×2) trnP-UGG trnQ-UUG trnR-ACG (×2) trnR-UCU trnS-GCU trnS-GGA trnS-UGA trnT-GGU trnT-UGU trnV-GAC (×2)atrnV-UAC trnW-CCA trnY-GUA |
| Ribosomal RNAs (8) | rrn4.5 (×2) rrn5 (×2) rrn16 (×2) rrn23 (×2) |
| hypothetical chloroplast protein (2) | orf70 (×2) |
a
Gene with one intron.
b
Gene with two introns.
P
Pseudogene; (×2): Gene with two copies.