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. 2017 Sep 15;7:11659. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11877-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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. He-CAP and HT combined treatment induced MMP loss, intracellular calcium release and ER-stress. (A) MMP loss was increased following combined treatment compared to either treatment alone (n = 3). (B) Representative flow cytometric histogram of MMP loss. (C) Representative flow cytometric histogram of [Ca²⁺]_i following combined treatment of He-CAP and HT. (D) [Ca²⁺]_i release was determined 6 h post-treatment, increased [Ca²⁺]_i was observed in the combined treatment (n = 4). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, compared to HT alone. (E) Expression of ER-stress related proteins BiP and CHOP. β-actin was used to normalize the expression level in each sample. Blots were cropped, full lengths blots are presented in Supplementary Fig. 4.