Table 3.

Inequalities in the early initiation first antenatal care: findings from bivariate and multivariate logistic regression.

	Univariate				Multivariate
	Crude OR	P	95% CI		Adjusted OR	P	95% CI
Age group
<20	1.00				1.00
20–34	0.68	0.01	0.50	0.92	1.00	0.99	0.70	1.44
35–49	0.40	<0.001	0.28	0.57	0.80	0.33	0.51	1.25
Ecological zone
Mountain	1.00				1.00
Hill	1.41	0.02	1.05	1.89	1.10	0.59	0.78	1.55
Terai	1.66	<0.001	1.23	2.24	1.45	0.05	1.00	2.09
Place of residence
Urban	1.00				1.00
Rural	0.52	<0.001	0.40	0.68	1.09	0.55	0.82	1.46
Education level
No education	1.00				1.00
Primary	1.80	<0.001	1.50	2.16	1.62	<0.001	1.26	2.08
Secondary	3.93	<0.001	3.24	4.78	2.94	<0.001	2.19	3.94
Higher	10.48	<0.001	7.14	15.38	11.40	<0.001	5.05	25.73
Wealth quintile
Poorest	1.00				1.00
Poorer	1.65	<0.001	1.36	2.01	1.49	<0.001	1.16	1.91
Middle	2.18	<0.001	1.66	2.86	1.86	<0.001	1.37	2.53
Richer	3.11	<0.001	2.38	4.06	2.25	<0.001	1.61	3.15
Richest	6.66	<0.001	5.00	8.88	3.74	<0.001	2.31	6.05
Caste/ethnicity
Brahmin/chhetri	1.00				1.00
Madhesi other caste	0.48	<0.001	0.32	0.71	0.56	0.02	0.35	0.90
Dalit	0.50	<0.001	0.39	0.64	0.93	0.67	0.68	1.28
Newar	2.38	<0.001	1.33	4.26	1.55	0.17	0.83	2.91
Janajati	0.66	<0.001	0.50	0.86	0.79	0.09	0.60	1.04
Muslims	0.46	<0.001	0.34	0.62	0.87	0.58	0.53	1.42
Others	1.15	0.82	0.35	3.79	0.62	0.66	0.07	5.16
Development region
Eastern	1.00				1.00
Central	0.70	0.03	0.50	0.96	0.78	0.16	0.56	1.10
Western	0.92	0.63	0.64	1.31	0.76	0.12	0.53	1.08
Mid-western	0.76	0.14	0.53	1.09	1.21	0.37	0.80	1.83
Far-western	0.88	0.47	0.63	1.24	1.67	0.01	1.13	2.46
Wanted last child
Wanted then	1.00				1.00
Wanted later	1.31	0.06	0.98	1.75	0.93	0.64	0.70	1.25
Wanted no more	0.46	<0.001	0.37	0.57	0.73	0.01	0.58	0.93