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. 2017 Sep 11;11:485. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00485

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Copyright © 2017 McWalter and Dau.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Textures that benefit from second-order modulation statistics. Two example textures from the preferred list: Helicopter (left) and frogs-crickets (right). The left panel shows the second-order modulation statistics for six selected bands. The right panel shows the spectrogram of the original texture (top) and the synthetic texture with second-order modulation statistics (middle) and without second-order modulation statistics (bottom). Example audio files corresponding to the spectrograms of the original, synthetic with 2nd-order modulations, and without 2nd-order modulations can be found in the Supplementary Material (helicopter: Audio files 10–12; frogs-crickets: Audio files 13–15).