Table 1.
Correspondence between Number of Risk Factors and Psychosocial Outcomes
| Number of Risk Factors | N | (%) | Perceived Academic Difficulties N = 6513 M (SD) | Internalizing Symptoms N = 6488 M (SD) | Externalizing Symptoms N = 6502 M (SD) | Cigarette Use N = 6443 M (SD) | Heavy Drinking N = 6183 M (SD) | Illicit Drug Use N = 6090 % Endorsed | Criminal Behavior N = 6952 % Endorsed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Risk Factors using CR Index Ranging from 0 to 5 | |||||||||
| 0 | 4048 | (58.1%) | 3.38 (2.03) | 39.75 (7.02) | 38.47 (6.24) | 0.85 (1.62) | 0.63 (1.02) | 4.9 | 15.4 |
| 1 | 1859 | (26.7%) | 3.71 (2.03) | 40.27 (7.33) | 39.28 (6.39) | 1.14 (1.85) | 0.82 (1.11) | 6.9 | 16.9 |
| 2 | 696 | (10.0%) | 3.85 (1.98) | 40.61 (7.48) | 40.42 (7.26) | 1.52 (2.10) | 0.95 (1.17) | 9.4 | 22.1 |
| 3 | 237 | (3.4%) | 4.28 (2.20) | 41.20 (8.03) | 41.05 (6.62) | 1.78 (2.22) | 1.15 (1.32) | 9.2 | 19.4 |
| 4 | 91 | (1.3%) | 4.77 (2.07) | 40.00 (7.05) | 41.73 (7.05) | 2.36 (2.29) | 1.06 (1.15) | 11.4 | 18.7 |
| 5 | 32 | (0.5%) | 4.07 (2.11) | 40.00 (7.47) | 39.54 (5.87) | 2.15 (2.48) | 0.89 (1.15) | 7.4 | 15.6 |
| Number of Risk Factors Using CR Index Ranging from 0 to 4a | |||||||||
| 4 or more | 123 | (1.8%) | 4.60 (2.10) | 40.00 (7.12) | 41.21 (6.83) | 2.31 (2.33) | 1.02 (1.15) | 10.4 | 17.9 |
| Number of Risk Factors Using CR Index Ranging from 0 to 3b | |||||||||
| 3 or more | 360 | (5.2%) | 4.39 (2.17) | 40.80 (7.75) | 41.10 (6.68) | 1.96 (2.27) | 1.10 (1.26) | 9.6 | 18.9 |
|
| |||||||||
| Entire Sample | 6963 | (100%) | 3.56 (2.05) | 40.03 (7.19) | 39.01 (6.45) | 1.05 (1.80) | 0.74 (1.08) | 6.1 | 16.6 |
Note. N for Cumulative Risk Index = 6963. CR = Cumulative Risk.
Values for 0, 1, 2, and 3 risk factors are the same as those reported for the CR Index ranging from 0 to 5.
Values for 0, 1, and 2 risk factors are the same as those reported for the CR Index ranging from 0 to 5.
Adolescents were asked to report about their most recent grades for the measure of Perceived Academic Difficulties. The timeframe for reporting Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms was prior six months. Timeframes for Cigarette Use, Heaving Drinking, and Illicit Drug Use were current, past 30 days, and lifetime, respectively. Information about Criminal Behavior was collected using official court data on criminal sanctions when adolescents were between 16.5 and 20.7 years old.