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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Adolesc. 2017 Jul 26;60:64–73. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.07.010

Table 2.

Regression Analyses with Linear and Nonlinear Cumulative Risk (Ranging from 0 to 5) Predicting Psychosocial Outcomes

Predictors Perceived Academic Difficulties β Internalizing Symptoms β Externalizing Symptoms β Cigarette Use β Heavy Drinking β Illicit Drug Use OR Criminal Behavior OR
Model 1
Gendera .00 −.72*** −.27*** −.11*** −.01 .78* 3.89***
Number of Missing CR Variables .05*** .00 .04** .05*** .05*** 1.10** 1.04
CR Linear .15*** .08** .17*** .17*** .22*** 1.62*** 1.33***
CR Quadratic −.03 −.05 −.06 .00 −.09** .93* .96
Model 2
Gendera .02 −.72*** −.29*** −.11*** −.02 .72* 3.64***
Number of Missing CR Variables .05*** .00 .04** .05*** .06*** 1.10** 1.04
CR Linear .18*** .08 .13** .18*** .19*** 1.44* 1.16
CR Quadratic −.05 −.05 −.03 −.01 −.06 .97 .99
CR Linear X Gender −.05 .00 .06 −.01 .04 1.36 1.21
CR Quadratic X Gender .03 .00 −.04 .02 −.04 .90 .96

Note. N = 6963. CR = Cumulative Risk. β = standardized regression coefficients. OR = Odds Ratio. Girls = 0 and Boys = 1.

*

p < .05.

**

p < .01.

***

p < .001.

The CR Index that ranged from 0 to 5 was used in these analyses.

a

Because Gender is a binary independent variable, the STDY Standardization values are reported for all continuous outcome variables (Muthén & Muthén, 1998 – 2012).