Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population by HIV and Fatty Liver Statusa
| Characteristics | HIV+ (N = 329) |
HIV− (N = 197) |
Fatty Liver (N = 80) |
No Fatty Liver (N = 446) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Race, N (%) | ||||
| White non-Hispanic | 182 (55) | 131 (66) | 57 (71) | 256 (57) |
| Black non-Hispanic | 108 (33) | 47 (24) | 12 (15) | 143 (32) |
| Other | 39 (12) | 19 (10) | 11 (14) | 47 (11) |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 52 (47–57) | 54 (50–62) | 54 (48–59) | 53 (48–59) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 26 (23–29) | 27 (24–30) | 28 (26–32) | 25 (24–29) |
| Abdominal VAT (mm2), median (IQR) | 144 (87–212) | 147 (92–210) | 217 (136–314) | 137 (81–197) |
| Abdominal SAT (mm2), median (IQR) | 173 (112–262) | 227 (163–299) | 231 (161–339) | 188 (122–269) |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 39 (12) | 17 (9) | 13 (17) | 43 (10) |
| HOMA-IR ≥4.9, N (%) | 82 (25) | 36 (18) | 40 (50) | 78 (17) |
| On lipid-lowering agent, N (%) | 120 (37) | 59 (31) | 29 (37) | 150 (34) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 130 (91–205) | 107 (77–147) | 148 (109–217) | 116 (82–172) |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 152 (48) | 85 (45) | 45 (59) | 192 (44) |
| ALT (U/L), median (IQR) | 25 (18–35) | 21 (17–28) | 30 (21–43) | 22 (17–30) |
| AST (U/L), median (IQR) | 24 (20–31) | 21 (18–25) | 24 (21–32) | 22 (18–27) |
| FIB-4 3.25 | 9 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 9 (2) |
| PNPLA3 (rs738409), N (%) | ||||
| CC | 201 (61) | 115 (58) | 35 (44) | 281 (63) |
| GC | 112 (34) | 72 (37) | 41 (51) | 143 (32) |
| GG | 16 (5) | 10 (5) | 4 (5) | 22 (5) |
| HIV-related characteristics | ||||
| HIV-infected, N (%) | 44 (55) | 285 (64) | ||
| Undetectable viral load (<50 copies/mL), N (%) | 270 (82) | 39 (89) | 231 (81) | |
| Current CD4 cell count (cells/mm3), median (IQR) | 598 (438–776) | 627 (497–853) | 593 (422–760) | |
| Current HAART, N (%) | 291 (88) | 41 (93) | 250 (88) | |
| Cumulative HAART (years), median (IQR) | 9 (6–12) | 10 (8–13) | 9 (6–12) | |
| Cumulative dideoxy use (years), median (IQR) | 8 (3–12) | 10 (5–13) | 7 (3–12) |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; FIB-4, fibrosis-4 index; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; IQR, interquartile range; SAT, subcutaneous fat area; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.
aBold signifies statistical significance (P < .05). Comparisons were between HIV positive and HIV negative and between fatty liver and no fatty liver.