Table 1. The relevance of NAFLD and AF in epidemiology.
| Subjects | Study protocol | Odds ratio/Hazard ratio | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 2 diabetes patients, n = 400 | Cohort study, follow-up 10 years | 4.49 [95% CI 1.6–12.9] adjusted-OR* 6.38 [95% CI 1.7–24.2] |
Giovanni Targher12 |
| Type 2 diabetes patients, n = 702 | Cross-sectional study | 3.04 [95% CI 1.54–6.02] adjusted-OR 5.88 ** [95% CI 2.72–12.7] |
Giovanni Targher13 |
| Middle-aged hypertensive patients, n = 958 | Cohort study, mean follow-up 16.3 years (median 17.6 years, range 0–19 years) | Hazard ratio 1.96 (95% CI) 1.29–2.97 Adjusted OR*** 1.88 [95% CI 1.03–3.45] |
Aki J. Käräjämäki10 |
*Adjustments for age, sex, hypertension and electrocardiographic features (left ventricular hypertrophy and PR interval).
**Adjustments for age, sex, systolic BP (blood pressure), HbA1c, (glycated haemoglobin), estimated GFR (glomerular filtration rate), total cholesterol, electrocardiographic LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy), COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and prior history of HF (heart failure), VHD (valvular heart disease) or hyperthyroidism.
***age, sex, study group, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, alcohol consumption, smoking, serum alanine aminotransferase concentration (ALT), systolic blood pressure, quick index, left ventricular mass index, left atrial diameter, coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).