Table 4.
The relationship between boldness, age and sex with component traits of the EE trade‐off and principal component one (EE strategy). Estimates from general linear mixed models of slopes and intercepts are presented for all effects and significant results are shown in bold. Non‐significant interactions were dropped from all models and are shown in italics. Dataset includes one measure of EE traits per trip (N patches = 197; N trips = 186; N birds = 159). M = male; F = female
| Explanatory variables | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Response variable | Model output | Boldness | Age | Sex | Age x Sex |
| PC1 (EE strategy) | Test statistic | χ 2 1 = 4.01; | χ2 1 = 0.76; | χ2 1 = 0.41; | χ2 1 = 1.77; |
| p value | p = .045 | p = .38 | p = .52 | p = .18 | |
| Estimate ± SE (logged scale) | −0.09 ± 0.05 | 0.05 ± 0.05 |
F:0.48 ± 0.10 M:0.54 ± 0.10 |
−0.01 ± 0.01 | |
| Time in patch | Test statistic | χ2 1 = 2.58; | χ 2 1 = 4.59; | ||
| p value | p = .11 | p = .032 | |||
| Estimate ± SE (logged scale) | −0.10 ± 0.07 | −0.34 ± 0.16 | |||
| Foraging effort | Test statistic | χ2 1 = 2.84; | χ2 1 = 0.15; | χ2 1 = 0.44; | χ2 1 = 0.12; |
| p value | p = .09 | p = .71 | p = .51 | p = .73 | |
| Estimate ± SE (logged scale) | −0.14 ± 0.08 | −0.04 ± 0.09 |
F:‐0.50 ± 0.11 M:‐0.61 ± 0.12 |
−0.07 ± 0.20 | |
| Size of patch | Test statistic | χ 2 1 = 4.98; | χ2 1 = 1.20; | χ2 1 = 2.32; | χ2 1 = 0.90; |
| p value | p = .026; | p = .27 | p = .13 | p = .34 | |
| Estimate ± SE (logged scale) | −0.13 ± 0.06 | 0.07 ± 0.07 |
F:‐0.42 ± 0.13 M:‐0.24 ± 0.13 |
−0.13 ± 0.14 | |
| Number of patches | Test statistic | χ2 1 = 0.11; | χ2 1 = 1.41; | χ 2 = 4.23; | χ2 = 0.01; |
| p value | p = .74 | p = .24 | p = .040 | p = .93 | |
| Estimate ± SE (logged scale) | 0.01 ± 0.03 | −0.04 ± 0.00 |
F:0.57 ± 0.08
M:0.43 ± 0.08 |
0.01 ± 0.08 | |