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. 2017 Jul 17;232(12):3273–3285. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26024

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Physiological explanation of the effect of TNF‐α on monocytes’ osteoclastogenesis in vivo. TNF‐α inhibits monocytes’ osteoclastogenesis at sites at a distance from bone. When monocytes interact with the bone surface, TNF‐α stimulates RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation