Table 1.
Content of polyphenols in foods and beverages
| Chemical class | Most common examples | Rich sources | Mean UK intake (mg/day)a | Comments on possible variations from the mean in individual diets |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavanols | Catechins, gallocatechins (monomeric and oligomeric) | Tea (epicatechins, gallocatechins, theaflavins), cocoa (epicatechin, procyanidins), apples, broad beans (epicatechin) | 590 (600) | Much higher in heavy tea drinkers |
| Flavanones | Hesperidin | Citrus fruit | 25 (32) | Orange juice up to 500 mg/l |
| Flavonols | Quercetin, rutin | Tea, apples, onions | 61 (40) | |
| Hydoxycinnamic acids | Chlorogenic acids (caffeoylquinic acids) | Coffee, chicory, artichoke, plum, pears | 478 (517) | Up to 2000 mg/day in heavy coffee drinkers |
| Anthocyanins | Cyanidin | Berry fruits | 20 (24) | A 100 g portion of blackberries contains ~170 mg anthocyanins |
a
Data from Yahya et al. (2016) (Leeds Wellbeing study) but intakes are dependent on individual diets and highly variable. Value in parentheses shows standard deviation.