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. 2017 Jul 20;57(5):142–149. doi: 10.1111/cga.12232

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© 2017 The Authors. Congenital Anomalies published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Teratology Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Simplified overview of the folate pathway and homocysteine metabolism. AdoHcy, S‐adenosylhomocysteine; AdoMet, S‐adenosylmethionine; BHMT, betaine‐homocysteine methyltransferase; CBS, cystathionine β‐synthase; CTH, γ‐cystathionase; DHF, dihydrofolate; FGCP, folyl poly‐γ‐glutamate carboxypeptidase; FR, folate receptor; MAT, methionine adenosyltransferase; MTHFD, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; MTR, methionine synthase; MTRR, methionine synthase reductase; PCFT1, proton‐coupled folate transporter; RFC, reduced folate carrier; SAHH, S‐adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase; SHMT, serine hydroxymethyltransferase; THF, tetrahydrofolate; B2, vitamin B2; B6, vitamin B6; B12, vitamin B12.