TABLE 1.
FAS systems in organisms
| Organism | Cytosol | Mitochondria | Plastid | Possible source of lipoic acid precursor | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animals (mammals) | FAS-I | FAS-II | —a | Mitochondrial FAS-II | 63 |
| Plants (higher plants) | — | FAS-II | FAS-II | Mitochondrial FAS-II | 43, 64, 65 |
| Plastidial FAS-II | |||||
| Fungi (Neurospora crassa) | FAS-I | FAS-II | — | Mitochondrial FAS-II | 66, 67 |
| Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) | FAS-I | FAS-II | — | Mitochondrial FAS-II | 41 |
| Escherichia coli | FAS-II | — | — | FAS-II | 29 |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | FAS-I | — | — | Unknown | 33, 35, 68 |
| FAS-IIb | |||||
| Corynebacterium glutamicum | FAS-I | — | — | Unknown | 31, 33 |
a
—, not found.
b
The mycobacterial FAS-II is thought to be incapable of de novo fatty acid synthesis from acetyl-CoA, but it functions in elongating the FAS-I product long-chain fatty acids (12- to 16-carbon) to the very-long-chair mycolic acids (35).