FIG 4.

Effect of 30 μg/ml bacillomycin D on ROS production by F. graminearum. (A) Detection of ROS was based on DCFH-DA staining after treatment with bacillomycin D for 5 h. (B) Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the expression of five genes (fgsg_02881, fgsg_02974, fgsg_06554, fgsg_06733, and fgsg_12369) in F. graminearum PH-1 in response to bacillomycin D treatment. Values were normalized to the levels of the actin gene as an internal reference. The y axis represents the mean expression values ± standard deviations (SDs), relative to the control. The experiments were repeated independently three times. In all of the experiments, 6.67% (vol/vol) methanol served as the control (CK).