Fig. 8.

Left-right decoupled breathing in Dbx1 ^cre ; Robo3 ^lox/lox neonates. a Left, example plethysmographic recordings from three wild-type P0 neonatal pups (#1, #2, #3) during quiet breathing. Right, ten superimposed representative breath (thin lines) and their average (thick line). b Left, comparable recordings for three Dbx1 ^cre ; Robo3 ^lox/lox mutant pups. Note the reduced amplitude of breaths and their more frequent occurrence. Right, superimposed representative mutant breaths often appearing as double breath events. c–e Summary histograms of the distributions of breath duration (T _TOT, c), tidal volumes (V _T, d) and ventilation (V _E, e) in wild types (black trace), Dbx1 ^cre ; Robo3 ^lox/lox (red trace). Note the left shifted distributions for T _TOT, V _T, and V _E in mutants. Stars indicate significant differences with wild types. f, g Density maps of V _T−T _TOT relationships for the breathing of wild types (f) and Dbx1 ^cre ; Robo3 ^lox/lox (g). Note in the mutants the high density of aberrant breath featuring both small V _T and small T _TOT values (in the bottom left quadrant) absent in wild-type pups