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. 2017 Sep 15;7:11725. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12010-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Analysis of UV-mediated cell damage. (a,b) FACS analysis in MCF7 cells irradiated as indicated: (a) cell death for RR at 2 kHz (left) and variable (right); (b) caspase-3/7 activation and ROS production for RR at 2 kHz (left) and variable (right). Values are the average of experiments in triplicate with error bars indicating standard deviation. (c) Cell viability analysis with trypan blue at indicated times and energies. Values are the average of experiments in triplicate with error bars indicating standard deviation. (d) EVOS microscope digital photographs of cells irradiated as indicated. (e,f) Western blotting analysis for indicated damage targets in MCF7 cells irradiated at RR = 2 kHz with (d) variable E_pulse and (e) at E_pulse = 7 μJ. ERKs and Ponceau red were used as loading controls. Band quantification was performed using Image J software.