Table 1.

Characteristics of the population and health insurers in the Dutch SHI and HIA markets

Year	Social Health Insurance (about two thirds of population)											Health Insurance Act (total population)
	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Population size of total market (million)a	9.7	9.8	9.9	9.9	9.9	10.3	10.3	10.2	10.1	10.2	10.1	16.3	16.4	16.3	16.4	16.5	16.6	16.7	16.7	16.8	16.8
Population of premium payers (million)b	7.7	7.7	7.9	8.0	8.1	8.3	8.3	8.2	8.2	8.2	8.2	12.5	12.6	12.8	12.9	13.0	13.1	13.2	13.3	13.3	13.4
Total number of health insurersc	26	27	29	29	29	26	24	21	21	21	21	33	32	32	30	28	27	26	26	26	25
Number of health insurers leaving/merging	1	0	0	2	0	3	2	3	0	0	0	n.a.	1	0	2	2	1	1	0	0	1
Number of health insurers entering	0	1	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	n.a.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Annual premiums/total cost (%)d	8	10	6	5	10	10	9	10	22	19	22	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50
Insurers risk on medical expenses (%)e	3	13	27	28	35	36	38	41	52	53	53	53	53	52	60	73	70	88	90	92	99
Number of different insurance policies	26	27	29	29	29	26	24	21	21	21	21	46	53	60	56	57	56	60	65	67	71
Number of limited provider plans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	5	5	8	10	12	17
Population share limited provider plans (%)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	0.2	0.5	1.1	1.7	3.3	4.4	7.5
Population share with group contracts (%)f	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	53	57	60	60	64	66	67	69	70	69

If not otherwise indicated, the data was obtained from the Dutch Healthcare Authority [10, 33–38] and the Dutch National Healthcare Institute (ZIN)

^aThe privately insured are excluded from the population for 1995–2005

^bThe share of actual premium payers is about 80% of the total number of enrollees because insurance for children under 18 was free (financed by taxation)

^cFrom 1995 to 2005 they were called sickness funds (not-for-profit health insurers). After 2006, for-profit insurers were also on the market

^dAuthors’ own calculations. As of 2006 the government mandated that 50% of the total cost should be paid in the form of annual premiums charged by the health insurer to the individual consumers (of 18 years and older)

^eInsurance risk on medical expenses was obtained from Van Kleef et al. [39] and for 2013–2015 from personal communication with René van Vliet

^fBefore 2006 there were many group contracts in private insurance but not in the SHI market