Table 5.
Adjusted odds ratios (and 95 % confidence intervals) from multiple logistic regression analysis of associations between program exposure and couple communication, justification of IPV, any form of IPV, and physical, psychological, and verbal violence at end line (n = 435) and long-term follow-up (LTFU) (n = 399)
| Variable | Couple communication | Justification of IPV | Any form of IPV | Physical | Psychological | Verbal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| End line | LTFU | End line | LTFU | End line | LTFU | End line | LTFU | End line | LTFU | End line | LTFU | |
| Attended at least one individual and one group mentoring session (ref did not attend) | 2.4 (1.54, 3.77)*** | 2.4 (1.56, 3.81)*** | 0.63 (0.40, 0.98)* | 0.50 (0.31, 0.83)** | 0.48 (0.31, 0.76)** | 0.48 (0.31, 0.77)** | 0.71 (0.46, 1.11) | 0.76 (0.38, 1.35) | 0.55 (0.35, 0.86)** | 0.42 (0.24, 0.74)*** | 0.51 (0.33, 0.79)** | 0.56 (0.35, 0.90)** |
| Employment (ref farming) Employer/self-employed |
1.5 (0.66, 3.64) | 0.7 (0.37, 1.69) | 1.1 (0.52, 2.35) | 0.2 (0.95, 0.90)* | 0.7 (0.35, 1.49) | 2.0 (0.96, 4.32) | 0.8 (0.40, 1.93) | 1.2 (0.43, 3.48) | 1.2 (0.58, 2.63) | 2.4 (1.05, 5.54)* | 0.5 (0.35, 0.901) | 0.72 (0.46, 1.12) |
| Partial/full payment of bride price (ref no payment) | 1.3 (0.82, 2.09) | 0.78 (0.47, 1.68) | 0.69 (0.44, 1.09) | 0.50 (0.29, 0.86)** | 1.2 (0.79, 1.87) | 1.1 (0.66, 1.85) | 1.2 (0.79, 2.01) | 0.9 (0.44, 1.85) | 0.97 (0.61, 1.54) | 0.67 (0.36, 1.24) | 1.2 (0.81, 1.95) | 1.1 (0.67, 1.87) |
| Couple communication (ref none) | Not included | Not included | 0.6 (0.38, 1.88) | 0.6 (0.39, 1.09) | 0.5 (0.32, 0.88)* | 0.9 (0.61, 1.60) | 0.4 (0.30, 0.78)** | 0.6 (0.32, 1.77) | 0.8 (0.49, 1.31) | 1.0 (0.58, 1.90) | 0.4 (0.28, 0.74) | 0.8 (0.48, 1.30) |
| Alcohol use, past month (ref never/no drinking) 2 days or less More than 2 days |
0.7 (0.45, 1.29) 0.5 (0.29, 0.92)* |
1.4 (0.80, 2.48) 0.4 (0.29, 0.83)** |
1.1 (0.70, 1.88) 1.4 (0.85, 2.60) |
1.2 (0.67, 2.21) 2.3 (1.32, 4.22)** |
1.9 (1.19, 3.08)** 1.4 (0.84, 2.55) |
1.0 (0.62, 1.81) 3.1 (1.82, 5.34)*** |
1.2 (0.77, 2.06) 1.6 (0.93, 2.87) |
1.5 (0.65, 3.60) 4.0 (1.89, 8.51)*** |
1.9 (1.26, 4.02) 1.6 (0.93, 2.98) |
2.0 (1.01, 4.20)* 3.2 (1.67, 6.47)*** |
1.7 (1.12, 2.84)* 1.4 (0.84, 2.51) |
0.8 (0.47, 1.51) 2.9 (1.70, 5.04)*** |
| Threatened with physical violence often/sometimes (ref never) | 1.7 (1.00, 2.86)* | 0.8 (0.47, 1.68) | 1.7 (1.01, 3.05)* | 1.0 (0.54, 2.08) | 2.4 (1.48, 4.09)*** | 0.7 (0.42, 1.43) | 1.6 (0.84, 2.82) | 0.7 (0.34, 1.75) | 2.2 (1.26, 4.02)** | 1.4 (0.64, 3.17) | 1.8 (1.12, 2.84)* | 0.6 (0.33, 1.18) |
| Physical punishment often/sometimes (ref never) | 0.8 (0.42, 1.83) | 0.73 (0.32, 1.69) | 1.5 (0.71, 3.40) | 4.6 (1.44, 15.0)** | 1.8 (0.90, 3.57) | 4.5 (1.83, 11.44)*** | 2.4 (1.02, 5.89)* | 1.7 (0.55, 5.74) | 1.3 (0.60, 3.05) | 4.8 (1.00, 23.2)* | 2.4 (1.16, 5.00)* | 5.3 (1.97, 14.2)*** |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001