Table 2.
Definitions of outcome measures and baseline means
| Variable (expected sign of the estimate) |
Sub-domain | Denominator (individual) | Adjusted difference | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Control | ||||
| (n = 1307) | (n = 1268) | ||||
| Self-regulatory skills | |||||
| Self-control (+) | Self-control | −0.023 | 0.023 | −0.066 | 0.104 |
| Self-control—guardian (+) | Self-control | −0.037 | 0.037 | −0.083 | 0.049 |
| Delay discount (+) | Future orientation | −0.050 | 0.054 | −0.084 | 0.152 |
| Go/no-go-commission (−) | Response inhibition | −0.023 | 0.024 | −0.021 | 0.618 |
| Flanker, interference score (−) | Attention | −0.030 | 0.030 | −0.075 | 0.116 |
| Tower of London (−) | Planning skills | −0.018 | 0.020 | −0.041 | 0.526 |
| Behaviors | |||||
| Prosocial behavior (+) | Prosocial behavior | 0.008 | −0.008 | 0.020 | 0.630 |
| Prosocial behavior—guardian (+) | Prosocial behavior | −0.034 | 0.034 | −0.077 | 0.062 |
| Aggressive behavior (−) | Aggressive behavior | −0.003 | 0.003 | −0.004 | 0.917 |
| Aggression propensity (−) | Aggression propensity | −0.004 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.984 |
| Aggression—guardian (−) | Aggressive behavior | 0.022 | −0.023 | 0.060 | 0.150 |
| Risky driving (−) | Propensity risk-taking | −0.023 | 0.023 | −0.036 | 0.413 |
| Difficulties (−) | Behavioral difficulties | 0.034 | −0.035 | 0.079 | 0.049 |
| Difficulties—guardian (−) | Behavioral difficulties | 0.032 | −0.033 | 0.064 | 0.122 |
| Interpersonal functioning—guardian (+) | Other related skills | −0.043 | 0.045 | −0.071 | 0.100 |
| Prosocial skills and connections | |||||
| Empathy (+) | Empathy | 0.003 | −0.003 | 0.028 | 0.489 |
| Self-esteem (+) | Self-esteem | −0.016 | 0.016 | −0.023 | 0.570 |
| Family involvement—guardian (+) | Family engagement | −0.022 | 0.023 | −0.029 | 0.509 |
| School functioning—guardian (+) | School engagement | −0.007 | 0.008 | −0.013 | 0.745 |
| Affective strengths—guardian (+) | Affective skills | −0.014 | 0.014 | −0.021 | 0.622 |
| Career strengths—guardian (+) | Career orientation | −0.018 | 0.019 | −0.037 | 0.385 |
| Intrapersonal strengths—guardian (+) | Self-related skills | −0.026 | 0.026 | −0.054 | 0.212 |
| Cognitive skills | |||||
| Score forward (+) | Working memory | 0.019 | −0.019 | 0.039 | 0.373 |
| Score backward (+) | Working memory | 0.023 | −0.023 | 0.056 | 0.204 |
| Raven (+) | Visual-spatial skills | −0.023 | 0.023 | −0.034 | 0.429 |
| Symbol search (+) | Processing speed | −0.006 | 0.006 | −0.020 | 0.627 |
All data were collected during the baseline survey. Each adjusted difference is calculated from a regression of the row variable on a dummy variable indicating an admission offer in September 2012, as well as núcleo fixed effects; the p value reflects an adjustment for clustering by guardian. The sign in the first column indicates the expected direction of the effect