Table 1.

Loss-of-function mutations that can be beneficial for survival

Gene	Type of mutation	Disease improved	References
NPC1L1	Frameshift, non-sense and splice-site mutations	Coronary heart disease	59
APOC3	Null mutation	Ischemic vascular disease	60
SLC30A8	Non-sense mutations	Type II diabetes	19
LPA	Splice-site mutations	Cardiovascular diseases	18
APP	Missense mutation	Alzheimer's disease and age-related cognitive decline	61
PCSK9	Non-sense and missense mutations	Coronary heart disease	20
Caspase12	Gene deletion	Sepsis	62
CCR-5	Deletion leading to frameshift mutation	HIV-1 infection	63
TYK2	Missense mutations	Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus	64
IFIH1	Missense and non-sense mutations	Type 1 diabetes	65
CARD9	Splice-site mutation	Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)	66
RNF186	Non-sense mutation	Ulcerative colitis	67
CD33	Increase in non-functional splice variant	Alzheimer's disease and age-related cognitive decline	This paper