Effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of CDK9, SPT5, and NELF-E on HSV-1 gene expression and DNA replication. siRNAs for CDK9 (a), SPT5 (b), and NELF-E (c) were used in knockdown experiments in 1BR.3.N cells. After the knockdown, the cells were infected with HSV-1 and harvested 19 h.p.i. for either immunoblot or qPCR. As comparison, cells with no knockdown were infected with HSV-1 in the absence and presence of DRB in parallel to the knockdown experiments. Each experiment was subjected to three independent repeats, and the mean value is displayed in the diagrams. Error bars indicate standard deviation.