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. 2017 Sep 13;10:363–371. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S143591

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© 2017 Oh et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Polarized light photomicrographs of phytoceramides.

Notes: A Maltese cross appeared in the macadamia and moringa oil emulsion drops (D and E), whereas other formulations are not shown (×200; Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Distinctive lamellar structure resulted from different FA profiles of each phytoceramides: (A) phytocera-H, (B) phytocera-SB, (C) phytocera-SF, (D) phytocera-M, (E) phytocera-MO, and (F) phytocera-MF.

Abbreviations: phytocera-H, horse fat oil-derived ceramide; phytocera-SB, shea butter-derived ceramide; phytocera-SF, sunflower oil-derived ceramide; phytocera-M, macadamia nut oil-derived ceramide; phytocera-MF, meadowfoam seed oil-derived ceramide.