Table 2:
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with and without schizophrenia who died in 2012
| Characteristic | Individuals without schizophrenia | Individuals with schizophrenia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
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| No. (%) of deaths | Population 15–105 yr, no. (%) | Crude rate per 1000 (95% CI) | No. (%) of deaths | Population 15–105 yr, no. (%) | Crude rate per 1000 (95% CI) | |
| Overall | 86 751 (100) | 11 750 416 (100) | 7.38 (7.33–7.43) | 2074 (100) | 111 695 (100) | 18.57 (17.78–19.39) |
|
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| Age group, yr | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| 15–24 | 636 (0.7) | 1 808 089 (15.4) | 0.35 (0.32–0.38) | 17 (0.8) | 6215 (5.6) | 2.74 (1.59–4.38) |
|
| ||||||
| 25–34 | 796 (0.9) | 1 852 851 (15.8) | 0.43 (0.40–0.46) | 69 (3.3) | 17 051 (15.3) | 4.05 (3.15–5.12) |
|
| ||||||
| 35–44 | 1563 (1.8) | 1 970 832 (16.8) | 0.79 (0.75–0.83) | 104 (5.0) | 20 399 (18.3) | 5.10 (4.17–6.18) |
|
| ||||||
| 45–54 | 4619 (5.3) | 2 203 331 (18.8) | 2.10 (2.04–2.16) | 271 (13.1) | 27 255 (24.4) | 9.94 (8.79–11.2) |
|
| ||||||
| 55–64 | 9345 (10.8) | 1 752 481 (14.9) | 5.33 (5.22–5.44) | 398 (19.2) | 21 501 (19.2) | 18.51 (16.74–20.42) |
|
| ||||||
| 65–74 | 14 212 (16.4) | 1 138 500 (9.7) | 12.48 (12.28–12.69) | 433 (20.9) | 11 311 (10.1) | 38.28 (34.76–42.06) |
|
| ||||||
| 75–84 | 24 179 (27.9) | 681 293 (5.8) | 35.49 (35.04–35.94) | 433 (20.9) | 5490 (4.9) | 78.87 (71.62–86.66) |
|
| ||||||
| ≥ 85 | 31 401 (36.2) | 343 039 (2.9) | 91.54 (90.53–92.56) | 349 (16.8) | 2473 (2.2) | 141.12 (126.7–156.73) |
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| Sex | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Female | 43 100 (49.7) | 6 002 623 (51.1) | 7.18 (7.11–7.25) | 1090 (52.6) | 49 945 (44.7) | 21.82 (20.55–23.16) |
|
| ||||||
| Male | 43 651 (50.3) | 5 747 793 (48.9) | 7.59 (7.52–7.67) | 984 (47.4) | 61 750 (55.3) | 15.94 (14.95–16.96) |
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| Neighbourhood income quintile | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 19 655 (22.7) | 2 245 174 (19.1) | 8.75 (8.63–8.88) | 706 (34.0) | 38 091 (34.1) | 18.53 (17.19–19.95) |
|
| ||||||
| Q2 | 17 789 (20.5) | 2 308 559 (19.6) | 7.71 (7.59–7.82) | 392 (18.9) | 24 232 (21.7) | 16.18 (14.61–17.86) |
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| ||||||
| Q3 | 16 811 (19.4) | 2 330 823 (19.8) | 7.21 (7.10–7.32) | 365 (17.6) | 18 537 (16.6) | 19.69 (17.72–21.82) |
|
| ||||||
| Q4 | 16 353 (18.9) | 2 445 142 (20.8) | 6.69 (6.59–6.79) | 309 (14.9) | 16 466 (14.7) | 18.77 (16.73–20.98) |
|
| ||||||
| Q5 (highest) | 15 704 (18.1) | 2 371 682 (20.2) | 6.62 (6.52–6.73) | 277 (13.4) | 13 490 (12.1) | 20.53 (18.19–23.10) |
|
| ||||||
| Unknown | 439 (0.5) | 49 036 (0.4) | 8.95 (8.13–9.83) | 25 (1.2) | 879 (0.8) | 28.44 (18.41–41.99) |
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| Dwelling | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Urban | 73 862 (85.1) | 10 422 041 (88.7) | 7.09 (7.04–7.14) | 1863 (89.8) | 102 191 (91.5) | 18.23 (17.41–19.08) |
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| Rural | 12 855 (14.8) | 1 323 106 (11.3) | 9.72 (9.55–9.89) | 208 (10.0) | 9439 (8.5) | 22.04 (19.14–25.24) |
|
| ||||||
| Unknown | 34 (< 0.1) | 5269 (< 0.1) | 6.45 (4.47–9.02) | ≤ 5 | 65 (0.1) | 46.15 (9.52–134.88) |
|
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| Cause of death*† | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Circulatory | 23 958 (27.6) | 11 750 416 (100) | 2.04 (2.01–2.06) | 521 (25.1) | 111 695 (100) | 4.66 (4.27–5.08) |
|
| ||||||
| Neoplasm | 27 254 (31.4) | 11 750 416 (100) | 2.32 (2.29–2.35) | 396 (19.1) | 111 695 (100) | 3.55 (3.20–3.91) |
|
| ||||||
| Metabolic‡ | 7326 (8.4) | 11 750 416 (100) | 0.62 (0.61–0.64) | 194 (9.4) | 111 695 (100) | 1.74 (1.50–2.00) |
|
| ||||||
| Respiratory | 7505 (8.7) | 11 750 416 (100) | 0.64 (0.62–0.65) | 207 (10.0) | 111 695 (100) | 1.85 (1.61–2.12) |
|
| ||||||
| Accidental§ | 4217 (4.9) | 11 750 416 (100) | 0.36 (0.35–0.37) | 144 (6.9) | 111 695 (100) | 1.29 (1.09–1.52) |
|
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| Suicide | 1078 (1.2) | 11 750 416 (100) | 0.09 (0.09–0.10) | 98 (4.7) | 111 695 (100) | 0.88 (0.71–1.07) |
Note: CI = confidence interval.
*
For a classification of International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes into cause-of-death categories, see Appendix 1 (available at www.cmaj.ca/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1503/cmaj.161351/-/DC1).
†
Proportions for causes of death do not sum to 100% because some data were suppressed, as a result of small cell sizes.
‡
Metabolic causes of death included metabolic, nutritional, immunity and endocrine conditions, as well as diseases of the digestive system.
§
Accidental causes of death included motor vehicle crashes, accidental poisoning, falls, fire, and drugs or adverse events in therapeutic use.