Table 3.

Summary of Direct Meta-analysis for All Weight Loss and Adverse Event Outcomes (33)

Pharmacological Intervention	Number of Studies	Active Intervention		Control (placebo, unless noted otherwise)		OR or Weighted Mean Difference, kg (95% CI)
		No. with event	Total no.	No. with event	Total no.
≥5% weight loss
Orlistat	16	3140	5315	1694	4694	2.69 (2.36-3.07)
Lorcaserin	3	1562	3350	729	3288	3.09 (2.49-3.83)
Naltrexone- bupropion	4	1081	2044	274	1319	3.90 (2.91-5.22)
Phentermine- topiramate	2	1019	1479	290	1477	9.10 (7.68- 10.78)
Liraglutide	3	vs placebo: 1798 vs orlistat: 53	2921 72	Placebo: 380 Orlistat: 29	1503 67	5.09 (4.07-6.37) 3.66 (1.79-7.46)
≥10% weight loss
Orlistat	14	1520	4859	684	4249	2.41 (2.08-2.78)
Lorcaserin	3	742	3350	276	3288	3.17 (2.53-3.97)
Naltrexone- bupropion	4	599	2044	112	1319	4.11 (2.80-6.05)
Phentermine- topiramate	2	702	1479	109	1477	11.34 (9.10- 14.13)
Liraglutide	3	vs placebo: 930 vs orlistat: 27	2921 72	Placebo: 146 Orlistat: 9	1503 67	4.36 (3.61-5.26) 3.87 (1.65-9.04)
Mean weight loss in excess of placeboa
Orlistat	14	-	3391	-	2777	−2.63 (−2.94 to − 2.32)b
Lorcaserin	3	-	3350	-	3288	−3.25 (−3.55 to − 2.95)b
Naltrexone- bupropion	2	-	1297	-	967	−4.95 (−5.54 to − 4.36)b
Phentermine- topiramate	1	-	981	-	979	−8.80 (−9.62 to − 7.98)b
Liraglutide	3	vs placebo: - vs orlistat: -	2921 72	vs. placebo: - vs. orlistat: -	1503 67	−5.24 (−5.60 to − 4.87)b −3.90 (−5.18 to − 2.62)b
Discontinuation of therapy due to adverse events
Orlistat	16	439	5323	224	4704	1.84 (1.55-2.18)
Lorcaserin	3	250	3350	190	3288	1.40 (0.96-2.03)
Naltrexone- bupropion	4	501	2044	175	1319	2.60 (2.15-3.14)
Phentermine- topiramate	2	274	1479	132	1477	2.32 (1.86-2.89)
Liraglutide	3	vs placebo: 292 vs orlistat: 7	2921 72	Placebo: 57 Orlistat: 2	1503 67	2.82 (2.10-3.77) 3.50 (0.70- 17.49)

^acontinuous outcome: event rate not applicable;

^bweighted mean difference for excess weight loss vs. placebo;

OR, odds ratio