Table 1.
Characteristic of relevant studies on BMI and OS of DSC patients included in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Country | Study type | Duration | Cancer site | Size | Point of BMI | BMI | Referent BMI | UV-HR (95% CI) |
MV-HR (95% CI) |
Covariates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iyengar et al., 2014 | USA | Retrospective study | 2000–2009 | Tongue | 155 | Before operation | ≥30 25.0–29.9 | 18.5–24.9 | 1.86 (0.95, 3.63) 1.01 (0.97, 1.03) | 2.23 (0.96, 4.98) 0.97 (0.46, 1.84) | Age, race, smoking, diabetes, T stage, tumor grade, invasion, lymph node metastasis, and postoperative radiation |
|
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| Ottosson et al., 2014 | Sweden | Retrospective study | 1998–2006 | Oropharynx | 203 | Before radiotherapy | >25 | <20 20–25 | 3.31 (1.4, 7.83) 3.07 (1.74, 5.44) | 3.78 (1.46, 9.75) 2.57 (1.43, 4.62) | Age, sex, stage, RT schedule, and surgery |
|
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| Vlooswijk et al., 2016 | Netherlands | Retrospective study | 2008–2012 | Oropharynx | 276 | Before radiotherapy | ≥25 | ≤25 | 1.01 (0.96, 1.04) | NA | NA |
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| Albergotti et al., 2016 | USA | Retrospective study | 2006–2014 | Oropharynx | 579 | Before treatment | ≥25 | <25 | 0.49 (0.28, 0.87) | 0.54 (0.3, 0.98) | Age, sex, smoking, race, stage, and drinking |
|
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| Trivers et al., 2005 | USA | Prospective study | 1993–2000 | Esophagus | 1142 | Before diagnosis | ≥30 25–29.9 | <25 | 0.84 (0.58, 1.19) 0.65 (0.5, 0.86) | 0.78 (0.55, 1.12) 0.67 (0.51, 0.88) | Sex, stage, and income |
|
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| Morgan et al., 2007 | Wales | Prospective study | 1995–2005 | Esophagus | 215 | Before operation | ≥25 | ≤25 | NA | 1.1 (0.73, 1.66) | Age, stage, and ASA grade |
|
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| Healy et al., 2007 | Ireland | Retrospective study | 1998–2005 | Esophagus | 150 | Before operation | ≥30 | <30 | 1.16 (0.66, 2.02) | NA | NA |
|
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| Skipworth et al., 2009 | UK | Prospective study | 2001–2004 | Esophagus | 93 | Before operation | >25 | <25 | 0.78 (0.38, 1.6) | NA | NA |
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| Madani et al., 2010 | Canada | Prospective study | 1991–2006 | Esophagus | 142 | Before operation | ≥30 | <30 | 0.57 (0.38, 0.88) | 0.57 (0.35, 0.93) | Age, sex, resection, grade, stage, and lymph node metastasis |
|
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| Grotenhuis et al., 2010 | Netherlands | Prospective study | 1991–2007 | Esophagus | 556 | Before operation | ≥30 | <18.5 | 0.58 (0.32, 1.04) | NA | NA |
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| Hayashi et al., 2010 | USA | Retrospective study | NA | Esophagus | 301 | Before treatment | ≥25 | <25 | 0.64 (0.44, 0.93) | 0.62 (0.44, 0.88) | Age, weight loss, PVD, and stage |
|
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| Melis et al., 2011 | USA | Prospective study | 1994–2010 | Esophagus | 490 | Before operation | ≥30 | 20–24 | 0.69 (0.51, 0.92) | NA | NA |
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| Yoon et al., 2011 | USA | Prospective study | 1980–1997 | Esophagus | 778 | Before operation | ≥30 | 18.5–24.9 | NA | 1.01 (0.67, 2.23) | Age, sex, stage, grade, and weight loss |
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| Scarpa et al., 2013 | Italy | Retrospective study | 2000–2008 | Esophagus | 278 | Before diagnosis | >30 | <20 | NA | 0.61 (0.4, 0.93) | Age, sex, stage, and weight loss |
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| Blom et al., 2012 | Netherlands | Prospective study | 1993–2010 | Esophagus | 736 | Before operation | ≥30 | <25 | 0.92 (0.8, 1.15) | NA | NA |
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| Miao et al., 2015 | China | Prospective study | 2006–2012 | Esophagus | 1342 | Before operation | ≥25 | 18.5–24.9 <18.5 | 1.11 (0.89, 1.38) 1.48 (1.07, 2.04) |
1.05 (0.84, 1.3) 1.16 (0.84, 1.6) | Age, sex, drinking, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, tumor length, differentiation, grade, stage, weight loss, and adjuvant chemoradiation |
|
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| Minami et al., 2015 | Japan | Prospective study | 1997–2005 | Stomach | 1283 | At diagnosis | ≥25 18.5–23 | 23–25 | NA | 1.28 (0.93, 1.77) 1.5 (1.14, 1.98) | Age, sex, stage, histology, occupation, smoking, drinking, and family history |
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| Ejaz et al., 2014 | USA | Prospective study | 2000–2012 | Stomach | 775 | Before operation | ≥30 25.0–29.9 <18.5 | 18.5–24.9 | NA | 1.13 (0.79, 1.61) 0.91 (0.66, 1.27) 1.5 (0.93, 2.41) | Age, race, preoperative albumin, chemotherapy, comorbidities, tumor size, type, morphology, T stage, AJCC stage, grade, lymph-vascular invasion, perineural invasion, and signet ring cell |
|
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| Lee et al., 2015 | Korea | Retrospective study | 2000–2008 | Stomach | 1909 | Before operation | ≥25 <18.5 |
18.5–24.9 | NA | 0.64 (0.41, 1.02) 1.01 (0.72, 1.4) | Age, sex, surgery, tumor stage, histology, and curative resection |
|
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| Liu et al., 2016 | China | Prospective study | 2004–2013 | Stomach | 320 | Before operation | 24–32.2 | 15.1–24 | 0.57 (0.37, 0.9) | 0.31 (0.12, 0.8) | Age, sex, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cell differentiation, invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and stage |
|
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| Meyerhardt et al., 2008 | USA | Prospective study | 1999–2001 | Colorectum | 1053 | After operation | ≥35 30–34.9 25–29.9 | 18.5–24.9 | 0.88 (0.58, 1.36) 0.93 (0.66, 1.31) 0.84 (0.61, 1.15) |
0.87 (0.54, 1.42) 0.9 (0.61, 1.34) 0.72 (0.5, 1.03) | Age, sex, bowel wall invasion, lymph node metastasis, bowel perforation, obstruction, baseline performance status, treatment, weight loss, smoking, and activity level |
|
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| Baade et al., 2011 | Australia | Prospective study | 2003-2004 | Colorectum | 1825 | Before diagnosis | ≥30 25–29.9 <18.5 | 18.5–24.9 | NA | 0.78 (0.59, 1.03) 0.75 (0.61, 0.94) 2.29 (1.47, 3.59) | Age, sex, physical activity, smoking status, marital status, education, insurance, tumor site, stage, treatment, and comorbidities |
|
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| Campbell et al., 2012 | USA | Prospective study | 1992–2007 | Colorectum | 1957 | Before diagnosis | ≥30 25–29.9 <18.5 | 18.5–24.9 | NA | 0.93 (0.75, 1.17) 0.83 (0.7, 1) 1.3 (0.82, 2.06) |
Age, sex, smoking, physical activity, red meat intake, SEER summary, and stage at diagnosis |
|
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| Kuiper et al., 2012 | USA | Prospective study | 1993–1998 | Colorectum | 587 | Before diagnosis | ≥30 25–29.9 | 18.5–24.9 | NA | 1.09 (0.65, 1.83) 0.77 (0.47, 1.27) |
Age at diagnosis, education, time from diagnosis to measurement, tumor stage, race, education, drinking, smoking, hormone replacement therapy, and prediagnostic physical activity |
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| Li et al., 2009 | USA | Retrospective study | 2004–2008 | Pancreas | 609 | At diagnosis | ≥30 25–29.9 | 18.5–24.9 | NA | 1.86 (1.35, 2.56) 1.26 (0.94, 1.69) |
Sex, race, diabetes, stage, tumor resection status, CA19-9 level, margin, and node status |
|
| |||||||||||
| Tsai et al., 2010 | USA | Prospective study | 1995–2005 | Pancreas | 795 | Before operation | ≥30 25–29.9 | 18.5–24.9 | 0.75 (0.58, 0.98) 0.73 (0.6, 0.88) | 0.73 (0.56, 0.95) 0.74 (0.61, 0.89) | Age, sex, race, tumor differentiation and size, surgical details, perineural invasion, margin and node status, and weight loss |
|
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| McWilliams et al., 2010 | USA | Prospective study | 2000–2009 | Pancreas | 1861 | At diagnosis | ≥30 25–29.9 <18.5 | 18.5–24.9 | NA | 1.25 (1.1, 1.41) 1.02 (0.89, 1.16) 1.42 (0.76, 2.68) | Age, sex, and diabetes status |
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| Olson et al., 2010 | USA | Retrospective study | 2004–2008 | Pancreas | 314 | At diagnosis or after treatment | ≥30 25–29.9 | 18.5–24.9 | 1.17 (0.82, 1.68) 0.92 (0.89, 1.69) | 1.38 (0.9, 2.11) 1.05 (0.7, 1.57) | Age, gender, smoking, diabetes, family history, chemotherapy, tumor stage, and history of allergies |
|
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| Dandona et al., 2011 | USA | Retrospective study | 1995–2009 | Pancreas | 355 | Before operation | ≥30 25–29.9 | 18.5–24.9 | 0.85 (0.61, 1.2) 1.01 (0.76, 1.34) | NA | NA |
|
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| Gong et al., 2012 | USA | Retrospective study | 1995–1999 | Pancreas | 510 | At diagnosis | ≥30 25–29.9 | 18.5–24.9 | 1.27 (0.93, 1.72) 1.01 (0.83, 1.22) | 1.28 (0.91, 1.81) 1.04 (0.83, 1.28) | Age, sex, race, education level, smoking, and diabetes status |
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| Gaujoux et al., 2012 | USA | Prospective study | 2000–2005 | Pancreas | 328 | Before operation | ≥30 25–29.9 <18.5 | 18.5–24.9 | 1.1 (0.8, 1.52) 1.21 (0.92, 1.6) 1.29 (0.67, 2.48) |
NA | NA |
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| Yuan et al., 2013 | USA | Prospective study | 1988–2010 | Pancreas | 902 | Before diagnosis | ≥30 25–29.9 | 18.5–24.9 | NA | 1.27 (1.03, 1.52) 0.94 (0.82, 1.07) | Age at diagnosis, sex, race, smoking, year, and stage at diagnosis |
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| Pelucchi et al., 2014 | Italy | Prospective study | 1982–2007 | Pancreas | 644 | At diagnosis | ≥30 25–29.9 | 18.5–24.9 | NA | 1.32 (0.98, 1.79) 1.14 (0.94, 1.39) | Age and calendar period at diagnosis, study center, sex, and smoking |
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| Kasenda et al., 2014 | Switzerland | Retrospective study | 1994–2004 | Pancreas | 483 | At diagnosis | ≥30 25–29.9 <18.5 | 18.5–24.9 | 2.02 (1.42, 2.89) 1.53 (1.22, 1.91) 1.06 (0.75, 1.46) | NA | NA |
UV = univariate, MV = multivariate, HR= hazard ratio, RT = radiotherapy, ASA = American Society of Anesthesiology, NA = not available, PVD = peripheral vascular disease, SEER = surveillance, epidemiology, and END results.