Table 1.
Study Population
| Study cohort N (%) |
Not readmitted N (%) |
Readmitted | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe dysglycemia N (%) |
Other cause N (%) |
||||
| Index discharges | 594,146 | 524,190 | 1744 | 68,212 | |
| Patient characteristics* | |||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 68.2 (13.0) | 68.0 (13.0) | 63.9 (18.0) | 69.7 (12.2) | |
| Age, N (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| <45 | 30,370 (5.1) | 27,694 (5.3) | 279 (16.0) | 2397 (3.5) | |
| 45–64 | 179,924 (30.3) | 161,069 (30.7) | 452 (25.9) | 18,403 (27.0) | |
| 65–74 | 173,279 (29.2) | 152,492 (29.1) | 431 (24.7) | 20,356 (29.8) | |
| ≥75 | 210,573 (35.4) | 182,935 (34.9) | 582 (33.4) | 27,056 (39.7) | |
| Sex | 0.83 | ||||
| Male | 279,651 (47.1) | 246,787 (47.1) | 812 (46.6) | 32,052 (47.0) | |
| Female | 314,495 (52.9) | 277,403 (52.9) | 932 (53.4) | 36,160 (53.0) | |
| Race | <0.001 | ||||
| White | 402,747 (67.8) | 356,824 (68.1) | 1090 (62.5) | 44,833 (65.7) | |
| Black | 109,670 (18.5) | 95,059 (18.1) | 445 (25.5) | 14,166 (20.8) | |
| Asian | 12,344 (2.1) | 10,956 (2.1) | 38 (2.2) | 1350 (2.0) | |
| Hispanic | 47,471 (8.0) | 41,910 (8.0) | 133 (7.6) | 5428 (8.0) | |
| Other/unknown | 21,914 (3.7) | 19,441 (3.7) | 38 (2.2) | 2435 (3.6) | |
| Annual income (US$) | <0.001 | ||||
| <40,000 | 242,291 (40.8) | 210,857 (40.2) | 795 (45.6) | 30,639 (44.9) | |
| 40,000–49,000 | 58,233 (9.8) | 51,567 (9.8) | 152 (8.7) | 6514 (9.5) | |
| 50,000–59,000 | 49,511 (8.3) | 43,775 (8.4) | 142 (8.1) | 5594 (8.2) | |
| 60,000–74,000 | 55,557 (9.4) | 49,492 (9.4) | 158 (9.1) | 5907 (8.7) | |
| 75,000–99,000 | 61,542 (10.4) | 55,114 (10.5) | 159 (9.1) | 6269 (9.2) | |
| ≥100,000 | 78,364 (13.2) | 71,033 (13.6) | 180 (10.3) | 7151 (10.5) | |
| Missing | 48,648 (8.2) | 42,352 (8.1) | 158 (9.1) | 6138 (9.0) | |
| Index hospitalization characteristics | |||||
| Planned status | <0.001 | ||||
| Unplanned | 500,750 (84.3) | 438,277 (83.6) | 1613 (92.5) | 60,860 (89.2) | |
| Planned | 93,396 (15.7) | 85,913 (16.4) | 131 (7.5) | 7352 (10.8) | |
| Reason for index hospitalization | |||||
| Severe dysglycemia | 15,644 (2.6) | 13,970 (2.7) | 483 (27.7) | 1191 (1.7) | |
| Hypoglycemia | 7528 (1.3) | 6686 (1.3) | 116 (6.7) | 726 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Hyperglycemia | 7886 (1.3) | 7071 (1.3) | 363 (20.8) | 452 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| Unspecified | 230 (0.0) | 213 (0.0) | * (*) | 13 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Other causes | 578,502 (97.4) | 510,220 (97.3) | 1261 (72.3) | 67,021 (98.3) | |
| Length of stay | <0.001 | ||||
| 1 day | 80,388 (13.5) | 74,637 (14.2) | 169 (9.7) | 5582 (8.2) | |
| 2–4 days | 314,962 (53.0) | 283,483 (54.1) | 822 (47.1) | 30,657 (44.9) | |
| 5–7 days | 118,193 (19.9) | 101,330 (19.3) | 403 (23.1) | 16,460 (24.1) | |
| 8–14 days | 63,392 (10.7) | 51,613 (9.8) | 265 (15.2) | 11,514 (16.9) | |
| ≥15 days | 17,211 (2.9) | 13,127 (2.5) | 85 (4.9) | 3999 (5.9) | |
| Prior hospitalizations | |||||
| None | <0.001 | ||||
| Other causes only | 351,468 (59.2) | 321,860 (61.4) | 693 (39.7) | 28,915 (42.4) | |
| Severe dysglycemia | 236,144 (39.7) | 196,958 (37.6) | 738 (42.3) | 38,448 (56.4) | |
| Diabetes characteristics | |||||
| Diabetes Complications Severity Index | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 143,755 (24.2) | 133,250 (25.4) | 153 (8.8) | 10,352 (15.2) | |
| 1–2 | 152,519 (25.7) | 137,598 (26.2) | 333 (19.1) | 14,588 (21.4) | |
| 3–6 | 198,156 (33.4) | 172,002 (32.8) | 695 (39.9) | 25,459 (37.3) | |
| 7–29 | 99,716 (16.8) | 81,340 (15.5) | 563 (32.3) | 17,813 (26.1) | |
| Diabetes treatment | <0.001 | ||||
| Non-insulin only | 435,861 (73.4) | 387,501 (73.9) | 47,563 (69.7) | 797 (45.7) | |
| Insulin | 158,285 (26.6) | 136,689 (26.1) | 20,649 (30.3) | 947 (54.3) | |
*Baseline patient characteristics at the time of index hospitalization. Each index admission was considered separately, and data were ascertained at the time of discharge