Table 2.
Characteristics of Former and Current E-cigarette Users* †
| Former e-cigarette use (n = 253) |
Current e-cigarette use (n = 154) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 48.8 (11.5) | 47.7 (10.7) | 0.3 |
| Female sex, n(%) | 100 (40) | 48 (31) | 0.08 |
| Race/ethnicity, n(%) | 0.9 | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 81 (37) | 45 (34) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 62 (28) | 43 (33) | |
| Hispanic | 42 (19) | 25 (19) | |
| Other non-Hispanic | 22 (10) | 13 (10) | |
| Multiple race, non-Hispanic | 11 (5) | 6 (5) | |
| Level of education, n(%) | 0.98 | ||
| Less than high school | 42 (17) | 26 (18) | |
| High school diploma/GED | 69 (28) | 42 (28) | |
| Some college | 98 (40) | 60 (41) | |
| 4 Year degree or higher | 37 (15) | 20 (14) | |
| Insurance, n(%) | 0.3 | ||
| HMO/PPO | 16 (7) | 8 (5) | |
| Medicare | 44 (18) | 29 (19) | |
| Medicaid | 145 (59) | 99 (66) | |
| Healthy SF/Healthy Workers | 36 (15) | 13 (9) | |
| Other | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| None | 1 (0.4) | 1 (1) | |
| Clinic site, n(%) | 0.2 | ||
| UCSF GIM | 84 (33) | 38 (25) | |
| SFGH GMC | 60 (24) | 43 (28) | |
| PHP | 109 (43) | 73 (47) | |
| Daily smoker, n(%) | 221 (87) | 118 (77) | 0.005 |
| Cigarettes per day, mean (SD) | 11.1 (8.8) | 10.6 (8.0) | 0.5 |
| Interest in quitting, n(%) | 0.2 | ||
| Within next month/already quit | 82 (32) | 58 (38) | |
| Maybe in 6 months | 123 (49) | 61 (40) | |
| Do not know/not interested | 48 (19) | 35 (23) | |
| First cigarette within 30 min of waking, n(%) | 161 (64) | 97 (63) | 0.9 |
| Comorbid conditions, n(%)†† | |||
| Hypertension | 72 (59) | 40 (61) | 0.8 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 49 (31) | 23 (27) | 0.6 |
| Asthma | 34 (21) | 23 (27) | 0.3 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 22 (18) | 9 (14) | 0.4 |
| Stroke | 16 (10) | 12 (14) | 0.3 |
| Cancer | 23 (14) | 7 (8) | 0.17 |
| HIV | 70 (58) | 40 (60) | 0.9 |
| Mental illness | 128 (81) | 64 (76) | 0.4 |
| Drug dependence | 60 (38) | 38 (45) | 0.3 |
| Alcohol dependence | 23 (14) | 15 (18) | 0.5 |
GED = General Educational Development; UCSF GIM = University of California San Francisco General Internal Medicine Clinic; SFGH GMC = San Francisco General Hospital General Medicine Clinic; PHP = UCSF Positive Health Practice at San Francisco General Hospital; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus
*Total N = 787; one ever e-cigarette user was missing data on past 30-day use and was excluded from these analyses
†Former e-cigarette use is defined as having ever tried an e-cigarette, but no use in the past 30 days; current e-cigarette use is defined as use within the past 30 days
††Data on mental illness, alcohol and drug dependence, cancer, asthma, COPD, and cerebrovascular disease were missing in 331 participants; data on hypertension and ischemic heart disease were missing in 425 participants; data on HIV were missing in 426 participants