Table 3.
Relationship between the percentage of correct answers for the nutrition knowledge questionnaire in primary school children and their dietary intakes.
| Analyzed population | Groups by the percentage of correct answers | Boys |
Girls |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Medium low | Medium high | High | p for trenda | Low | Medium low | Medium high | High | p for trenda | ||
| Grades 1–3 | Number of respondents | 67 | 77 | 76 | 67 | 78 | 76 | 75 | 76 | ||
| % of correct answers | 61.1 | 74.1 | 82.3 | 92.6 | 61.9 | 73.7 | 82.0 | 92.3 | |||
| Food intakes, adjusted mean,b g/1000 kcal | |||||||||||
| Staple foodsc | 236.6 | 239.2 | 249.7 | 257.8 | 0.038 | 240.6 | 243.4 | 238.4 | 217.5 | 0.023 | |
| Rice | 181.7 | 188.3 | 204.1 | 212.4 | 0.0075 | 189.8 | 189.1 | 190.7 | 169.4 | 0.10 | |
| Bread | 18.2 | 21.8 | 15.8 | 17.1 | 0.19 | 19.1 | 20.8 | 17.5 | 19.4 | 0.72 | |
| Meat | 36.3 | 35.5 | 32.6 | 30.3 | 0.0066 | 32.3 | 33.6 | 33.9 | 30.4 | 0.43 | |
| Fish | 24.7 | 22.6 | 27.1 | 27.1 | 0.12 | 23.8 | 25.2 | 24.3 | 27.7 | 0.16 | |
| Soybeans and soy product | 24.5 | 24.7 | 21.0 | 25.6 | 0.94 | 23.0 | 23.1 | 22.8 | 27.5 | 0.14 | |
| Vegetables | 91.6 | 86.8 | 91.8 | 109.5 | 0.024 | 84.8 | 101.6 | 93.6 | 124.5 | <0.0001 | |
| Fruits | 26.7 | 22.2 | 22.2 | 23.3 | 0.37 | 23.9 | 27.8 | 22.5 | 29.2 | 0.37 | |
| Milk and dairy products | 134.5 | 112.9 | 126.8 | 118.3 | 0.49 | 117.1 | 118.1 | 142.0 | 147.9 | 0.025 | |
| Sweets and snacks | 36.7 | 40.1 | 35.1 | 34.0 | 0.21 | 40.9 | 35.4 | 38.4 | 41.2 | 0.75 | |
| Eggs | 22.3 | 18.9 | 20.8 | 20.2 | 0.54 | 20.3 | 18.8 | 19.8 | 20.6 | 0.74 | |
| Grades 4–6 | Number of respondents | 69 | 73 | 68 | 82 | 62 | 67 | 67 | 70 | ||
| % of correct answers | 47.1 | 63.8 | 74.7 | 85.4 | 48.2 | 63.5 | 73.9 | 86.5 | |||
| Food intakes, adjusted mean,b g/1000 kcal | |||||||||||
| Staple foodsc | 251.5 | 237.0 | 245.7 | 244.8 | 0.78 | 253.5 | 239.2 | 246.7 | 238.3 | 0.39 | |
| Rice | 202.7 | 188.2 | 206.8 | 201.1 | 0.72 | 199.7 | 192.0 | 202.7 | 190.6 | 0.72 | |
| Bread | 13.8 | 18.2 | 13.4 | 15.2 | 0.89 | 18.2 | 18.5 | 16.8 | 16.9 | 0.50 | |
| Meat | 36.2 | 35.3 | 35.0 | 34.2 | 0.47 | 33.3 | 33.7 | 32.1 | 35.4 | 0.61 | |
| Fish | 24.4 | 24.1 | 23.4 | 27.7 | 0.22 | 23.3 | 27.5 | 23.4 | 27.7 | 0.31 | |
| Soybeans and soy product | 23.1 | 20.1 | 22.6 | 25.9 | 0.20 | 18.8 | 19.8 | 20.8 | 26.0 | 0.027 | |
| Vegetables | 72.1 | 82.1 | 102.1 | 103.3 | <0.0001 | 81.0 | 86.6 | 91.0 | 103.5 | 0.020 | |
| Fruits | 23.7 | 20.6 | 22.7 | 23.6 | 0.85 | 21.8 | 22.6 | 23.7 | 28.2 | 0.080 | |
| Milk and dairy products | 108.7 | 141.9 | 134.6 | 150.5 | 0.032 | 115.1 | 100.9 | 119.6 | 118.6 | 0.53 | |
| Sweets and snacks | 40.5 | 36.4 | 35.2 | 34.3 | 0.11 | 41.9 | 45.5 | 41.4 | 39.0 | 0.34 | |
| Eggs | 16.9 | 20.7 | 19.9 | 18.6 | 0.57 | 18.1 | 15.9 | 19.4 | 18.3 | 0.50 | |
a
Linear regression analysis was used to test trend of association between knowledge level quartiles and food intakes. Each knowledge quartile was assigned a score: Low = 1, Medium low = 2, Medium high = 3, High = 4. The model included food intake as a dependent variable and knowledge quartile score and grade of the children as independent variables.
b
Food intakes adjusted for grade by analysis of covariance were shown.
c
Intake of staple foods was sum of rice, bread, and noodle intake.