Table 1.
Process parameters and behaviour of ultrafiltration and diafiltration during skim milk processing
| Milk type and protein content (%) | UF parameters | DF parameters | Protein in MPC (%) | References | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MWCO (kDa) | Temp. (°C) | Folds | Protein (%) | Temp. (°C) | Folds | Protein (%) | |||
| CM, 3.3 | 50 | 50 | NM | 90 | Rajagopalan and Cheryan (1991) | ||||
| CM, 3.2 | 50 | 38 | 5 | 15 | 32 | 6 | 18.9 | 83.9 | Mistry and Hassan (1991) |
| CM, 3.3 | 50 | 35 | 5 | 15 | 30 | 5 | 20 | 83.47 | Mistry and Pulgar (1996) |
| BM, 3.96 | NM | 50 | 4.15 | NM | 67.50 | Patel and Mistry (1997) | |||
| CM, 3.46 | 10 | 10 | NM | NM | 56, 70, 85 | Bhaskar et al. (2003) | |||
| CM, NM | 20 | 44 | NM | 20% TS | NM | 62 | El-Samragy et al. (1993) | ||
| CM, 3.5 | 10 | 50 | 5 | 22.9% TS | NM | NM | 24.9% TS | 80–83 | Augustin et al. (2012) |
| CM, 3.43 | 10 | 5.9–19.7 | 6 | 13.61 | NM | 6 | 16.18 | 80.9 | Gualco (2010) |
| CM, 3.4 | NM | 50 | 3 | NM | 50 | 6 | 15.55% TS | 80 | Yanjun et al. (2014) |
| CM, NM | 10-UF 20-NF |
NM | NM | 61.21 | Cao et al. (2016) | ||||
| CM, NM | 20 | 15, 30, 50 | 5 | 15.4–16.4 | NM | NM | Luo et al. (2015) | ||
CM cow milk, BM buffalo milk, TS total solids, NM not mentioned, MWCO molecular weight cut-off, UF ultrafiltration, DF diafiltration, MPC milk protein concentrate